Zoonoses in Food-Chain Animals with Respect to Human Disease and Public Health Relevance

Simon, Sandra; Lamparter, Marina C.; Pietsch, Michael; Blettner, Maria; Fruth, Angelika; Rabsch, Wolfgang; Fischer, Jennie

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85877-3_7-1

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“…2,600 described serovars are of significant clinical relevance. Depending on the serovar, ingested dose, and immunocompetence of the host, Salmonella infections differ substantially in their clinical manifestations, ranging from an asymptomatic state to severe illness (Simon et al, 2023 ). Many virulence factors (e.g., Salmonella pathogenicity islands, endotoxins, and virulence plasmids) have been shown to play different roles in the pathogenesis of Salmonella infections in humans and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal experiment replacement for assessing the virulence of different Salmonella enterica strains

Burkhardt,

Salzinger,

Fischer

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans has become a popular toxicological and biological test organism in the last two decades. Furthermore, the role of C. elegans as an alternative for replacing or reducing animal experiments is continuously discussed and investigated. In the current study, we investigated whether C. elegans survival assays can help in determining differences in the virulence of Salmonella enterica strains and to what extent C. elegans assays could replace animal experiments for this purpose. We focused on three currently discussed examples where we compared the longevity of C. elegans when fed (i) with S. enterica serovar Enteritidis vaccination or wild-type strains, (ii) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficient rough or LPS forming smooth S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, and (iii) with an S. enterica subsp. diarizonae strain in the presence or absence of the typical pSASd plasmid encoding a bundle of putative virulence factors. We found that the C. elegans survival assay could indicate differences in the longevity of C. elegans when fed with the compared strain pairs to a certain extent. Putatively higher virulent S. enterica strains reduced the lifespan of C. elegans to a greater extent than putatively less virulent strains. The C. elegans survival assay is an effective and relatively easy method for classifying the virulence of different bacterial isolates in vivo, but it has some limitations. The assay cannot replace animal experiments designed to determine differences in the virulence of Salmonella enterica strains. Instead, we recommend using the described method for pre-screening bacterial strains of interest to select the most promising candidates for further animal experiments. The C. elegans assay possesses the potential to reduce the number of animal experiments. Further development of the C. elegans assay in conjunction with omics technologies, such as transcriptomics, could refine results relating to the estimation of the virulent potential of test organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%