Zoonotic infection with swine A/H1avN1 influenza virus in a child, Germany, June 2020

Dürrwald, Ralf; Wedde, Marianne; Biere, Barbara; Oh, Djin-Ye; Heßler-Klee, Martina; Geidel, C.; Volmer, R.; Hauri, Anja M.; Gerst, Kai; Thürmer, Andrea; Appelt, Sandra; Reiche, Janine; Duwe, Susanne; Buda, Silke; Wolff, Thorsten; Haas, Walter

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.42.2001638

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Human infection with swine influenza A virus (IAV) had not previously been detected in Denmark, but sporadic cases have been reported from other countries ( 1 ). We report the identification of a case of zoonotic swine influenza infection in Denmark during a low-activity influenza season.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassortant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Elderly Woman, Denmark, January 2021

Nissen¹,

George²,

Hjulsager³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassortant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Elderly Woman, Denmark, January 2021

Nissen¹,

George²,

Hjulsager³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…However, the continuous presence of these strains in pigs should be monitored permanently as mutations (genetic drift) can occur with the potential to cause human epidemics or even pandemics (Nava et al., 2009). Zoonotic infections with influenza A swine H1 av N1 have been reported in Germany in 2020 (Dürrwald et al., 2020). Furthermore, another plausible scenario is a possible establishment of FLUAV reassorting viruses (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clade 1A.3.3.2) that have enhanced transmission to humans, which has occurred in several provinces in China since 2014 (Sun et al., 2020). Thus, generating (nearly) complete viral genomes directly from sample material could reveal strains that may have acquired antigenic changes increasing their zoonotic potential (Dürrwald et al., 2020). Although the infectivity potential of a particular viral strain does not determine the susceptibility of the host, the complete genome of viruses can help with the in silico prediction of enhanced human receptor binding and specificity, which can be tested experimentally in cells expressing human receptors (Schmier et al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of shotgun metagenomics sequencing and targeted sequence capture to detect circulating porcine viruses in the Dutch–German border region

Schuele

Lizarazo-Forero

Strutzberg-Minder³

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Porcine viruses have been emerging in recent decades, threatening animal and human health, as well as economic stability for pig farmers worldwide. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) can detect and characterize known and unknown viruses but has limited sensitivity when an unbiased approach, such as shotgun metagenomics sequencing, is used. To increase the sensitivity of NGS for the detection of viruses, we applied and evaluated a broad viral targeted sequence capture (TSC) panel and compared it to an unbiased shotgun metagenomic approach. A cohort of 36 pooled porcine nasal swab and blood serum samples collected from both sides of the Dutch–German border region were evaluated. Overall, we detected 46 different viral species using TSC, compared to 40 viral species with a shotgun metagenomics approach. Furthermore, we performed phylogenetic analysis on recovered influenza A virus (FLUAV) genomes from Germany and revealed a close similarity to a zoonotic influenza strain previously detected in the Netherlands. Although TSC introduced coverage bias within the detected viruses, it improved sensitivity, genome sequence depth and contig length. In‐depth characterization of the swine virome, coupled with developing new enrichment techniques, can play a crucial role in the surveillance of circulating porcine viruses and emerging zoonotic pathogens.

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“…Most patients showed influenza-like symptoms and the infections run a benign course [ 57 , 58 ]. In Germany, between 2007 and 2021, several swIAV cases were reported, affecting mostly children, teens and one immunocompromised adult [ 74 ]. The majority of human infections in Europe was caused by the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swIAV which is the most prominent subtype in European pig populations [ 18 ].…”

Section: Zoonotic Swiav Infections Are Reported Regularly But Cases M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are pigs overestimated as a source of zoonotic influenza viruses?

et al. 2022

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Background Swine influenza caused by influenza A viruses (IAV) directly affects respiratory health and indirectly impairs reproduction rates in pigs causing production losses. In Europe, and elsewhere, production systems have intensified featuring fewer holdings but, in turn, increased breeding herd and litter sizes. This seems to foster swine IAV (swIAV) infections with respect to the entrenchment within and spread between holdings. Disease management of swine influenza is difficult and relies on biosecurity and vaccination measures. Recently discovered and widely proliferating forms of self-sustaining modes of swIAV infections in large swine holdings challenge these preventive concepts by generating vaccine-escape mutants in rolling circles of infection. Main body The most recent human IAV pandemic of 2009 rooted at least partly in IAV of porcine origin highlighting the zoonotic potential of swIAV. Pigs constitute a mixing vessel of IAV from different species including avian and human hosts. However, other host species such as turkey and quail but also humans themselves may also act in this way; thus, pigs are not essentially required for the generation of IAV reassortants with a multispecies origin. Since 1918, all human pandemic influenza viruses except the H2N2 virus of 1958 have been transmitted in a reverse zoonotic mode from human into swine populations. Swine populations act as long-term reservoirs of these viruses. Human-derived IAV constitute a major driver of swIAV epidemiology in pigs. Swine-to-human IAV transmissions occurred rarely and mainly sporadically as compared to avian-to-human spill-over events of avian IAV. Yet, new swIAV variants that harbor zoonotic components continue to be detected. This increases the risk that such components might eventually reassort into viruses with pandemic potential. Conclusions Domestic pig populations should not be globally stigmatized as the only or most important reservoir of potentially zoonotic IAV. The likely emergence from swine of the most recent human IAV pandemic in 2009, however, emphasized the principal risks of swine populations in which IAV circulate unimpededly. Implementation of regular and close-meshed IAV surveillance of domestic swine populations to follow the dynamics of swIAV evolution is clearly demanded. Improved algorithms for directly inferring zoonotic potential from whole IAV genome sequences as well as improved vaccines are still being sought.

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Zoonotic infection with swine A/H1avN1 influenza virus in a child, Germany, June 2020

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Reassortant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Elderly Woman, Denmark, January 2021

Reassortant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Elderly Woman, Denmark, January 2021

Application of shotgun metagenomics sequencing and targeted sequence capture to detect circulating porcine viruses in the Dutch–German border region

Are pigs overestimated as a source of zoonotic influenza viruses?

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