Zoonotic infections in Northern Ireland farmers

Stanford, C. F.; Connolly, Johnny; Ellis, William; Smyth, E.T.M.; Coyle, P. V.; Montgomery, W. Ian; Simpson, David

doi:10.1017/s0950268800048196

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus an increased risk of contracting infection with Puumala virus and other hantaviruses seems to be attributed to occupation and not only to living in rural areas. This conclusion is in accordance with data on other zoonoses (19,20). Due to the frequent occurrence of conspicuous renal failure in the acute phase of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, a possible relation between passed hantavirus infection and the occurrence of chronic renal disease is of interest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of antibodies specific to Puumala virus among farmers in Sweden

Ahlm

Thelin²,

Elgh³

et al. 1998

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of antibodies specific to Puumala virus among farmers in Sweden

Ahlm

Thelin²,

Elgh³

et al. 1998

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Gender differences for both HP and seropositivity are likely to represent differences in exposures to offending antigens (16)(17)(18). Despite these methodological limitations, several studies gave consistent results allowing the estimation of the prevalence of farmerÕs lung in exposed farmers from 0.5% to 3% (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Girard

and

Cormier

2009

Allergy

116

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The first few cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) were described in the early 20th century in farmers exposed to moldy hay or straw. As then, HP has been ascribed to multiple inhaled antigens found in a large variety of environmental settings. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis results from an exaggerated immune response, which gives rise to acute infection‐like symptoms or to progressive, sometimes irreversible lung damage. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical characteristics of the disease. Clinical diagnostic criteria have recently been published. The immune mechanisms leading to HP are still incompletely understood. Initially, believed to be a classes III and IV immune response, we now have a clearer understanding of the complex inflammatory events involved. These include the release of pro inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in the immune control mechanisms via surfactant, dendritic and T‐regulatory cells. Despite the improved understanding, the treatment and outcome of HP have not changed. Oral corticosteroids remain the only effective drugs and contact withdrawal constitutes the ideal solution. If unchecked, HP can lead to irreversible lung damage in the form of fibrosis or emphysema, respiratory insufficiency and even death.

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“…Serological evidence of hantavirus in the human population in Northern Ireland has been sought in farmers and in cases of leptospirosis [149,150]. It was noted in these studies that 4 (1.25%) of 320 farmers and 10 (24%) patients with current leptospiral infection were seropositive to SEO virus.…”

Section: Hantaviruses In Northern Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%