Zoster Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Child after COVID-19 Vaccination, California, USA

Daouk, Sarah K; Kamau, Edwin; Adachi, Kristina; Aldrovandi, Grace M.

doi:10.3201/eid2807.220600

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In line with this, a recent retrospective study found that vaccinated people might show a higher risk of infection than unvaccinated individuals 9 months post-vaccination [ 50 ]. A potential sign of an immunosuppressed state comes from reports of viral reactivations [ 51 – 55 ] and suspected infections in open-heart surgeries that could not be controlled even with long-term antibiotic treatments, resulting in several deaths [ 56 ]. A surge in candidiasis, aspergillosis, and mucormycosis cases associated with COVID-19 has been reported [ 57 – 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion

et al. 2022

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Hundreds of millions of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccine doses have already been administered to humans. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the immune effects of this platform. The mRNA-LNP-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is highly inflammatory, and its synthetic ionizable lipid component responsible for the induction of inflammation has a long in vivo half-life. Since chronic inflammation can lead to immune exhaustion and non-responsiveness, we sought to determine the effects of pre-exposure to the mRNA-LNP on adaptive immune responses and innate immune fitness. We found that pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs or LNP alone led to long-term inhibition of the adaptive immune response, which could be overcome using standard adjuvants. On the other hand, we report that after pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs, the resistance of mice to heterologous infections with influenza virus increased while resistance to Candida albicans decreased. The diminished resistance to Candida albicans correlated with a general decrease in blood neutrophil percentages. Interestingly, mice pre-exposed to the mRNA-LNP platform can pass down the acquired immune traits to their offspring, providing better protection against influenza. In summary, the mRNA-LNP vaccine platform induces long-term unexpected immunological changes affecting both adaptive immune responses and heterologous protection against infections. Thus, our studies highlight the need for more research to determine this platform’s true impact on human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion

et al. 2022

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“…SC2V-related cerebrovascular diseases include VST, ischemic stroke, ICH, SAB, pituitary apoplexy, RCVS, cerebral vasculitis, and Susac syndrome ( Table 2 ) [ 4 , 6 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Adverse Reactions to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Finsterer¹

2023

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are not free of side effects and most commonly affect the central or peripheral nervous system (CNS, PNS). This narrative review aims to summarise recent advances in the nature, frequency, management, and outcome of neurological side effects from SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. CNS disorders triggered by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines include headache, cerebro-vascular disorders (venous sinus thrombosis [VST], ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid bleeding, reversible, cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, vasculitis, pituitary apoplexy, Susac syndrome), inflammatory diseases (encephalitis, meningitis, demyelinating disorders, transverse myelitis), epilepsy, and a number of other rarely reported CNS conditions. PNS disorders related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines include neuropathy of cranial nerves, mono-/polyradiculitis (Guillain-Barre syndrome [GBS]), Parsonage-Turner syndrome (plexitis), small fiber neuropathy, myasthenia, myositis/dermatomyositis, rhabdomyolysis, and a number of other conditions. The most common neurological side effects are facial palsy, intracerebral hemorrhage, VST, and GBS. The underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood, but several speculations have been generated to explain the development of CNS/PNS disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In conclusion, neurological side effects develop with any type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and are diverse, can be serious and even fatal, and should be taken seriously to initiate early treatment and improve outcome and avoid fatalities. KEY WORDS: Side effects; COVID-19 vaccination; Neurological; Brain; Nerves."venous sinus thrombosis", "multiple sclerosis", "acute disseminated encephalomyelitis", "seizure", "Guillain Barre syndrome", "Parsonage Turner syndrome", "myositis", and "myasthenia". In addition, reference lists were searched for additional articles that matched the search criteria. Neurological COVID Vaccination Complications 223Table 1. Most common marketed anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines Company Generic name Brand name Ⓡ Technology Number of dosages Biontech Pfizer BNT162b2 Comirnaty m-RNA Two/booster Moderna m-RNA1273 Spikevax m-RNA Two/booster Astra Zeneca ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19 Vaxzevira Viral vector Two/booster Curevac CVnCoV Zorecimeran m-RNA Two Novavax NVX-Cov2373 Novaxovid Protein subunit Two Johnson & Johnson Ad26.COV.2S Jcovden Viral vector One Sinovac CoronaVac CoronaVac Viral vector Two/booster Valneva VLA2001 COVID-19 vaccine Viral vector Two/booster Sinopharm COVID 2019 vaccine BIBP Viral vector Two/booster Gam-Covid-Vac Sputnik-V Gam-Covid-Vac Viral vector Two Bharat Biotech BBV152 Covaxin Viral vector Two/booster CanSino Biologics Ad5-nCoV Convidecia Viral vector Single Sinopharm BBIBP32-CorV Covilo Viral vector Two booster Sanofi Pasteur VidPrevtyn beta VidPrevtyn beta Protein subunit OneOriginal articles and reviews published between 1966 and December 2022 were included. Abstracts, proceedings, and editorials were excluded from data analysis. The review does not claim to be complete, since the number of words and references was...

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“…Herpes zoster following COVID-19 vaccination has been widely reported [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], although conclusive evidence of a direct link is lacking. Table 3 summarises these selected reports.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Vaccination and Human Herpesviruses Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination, and Human Herpesviruses Infections

Maple

2023

Vaccines

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There are several human herpesviruses. A common characteristic of infection by these viruses is latency, by which the virus assumes a non-replicative state, subverting the attentions of the host’s immune response. In immunocompetent hosts, herpesviruses are immunologically controlled, although periodic virus shedding can occur. In situations where immunological control is lost, herpesviruses can reactivate and produce clinically apparent disease. It is now becoming apparent that COVID-19 or exposure to COVID-19 vaccines can exert several effects on the immune system. The pandemic of COVID-19 shows no sign of abating, with new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continuing to evolve. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been developed, and much of the world’s population has either experienced COVID-19 or been vaccinated against it. There are an increasing number of reports of associations between herpesvirus infections or reactivations and COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination. For instance, a positive cytomegalovirus serostatus may indicate a greater likelihood of severe COVID-19, and herpes simplex virus reactivation may be linked to increased mortality. Epstein–Barr virus reactivation appears to be associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Finally, herpes zoster has been reported to be associated with COVID-19 vaccination. This brief narrative review will provide several insights into associations between herpesvirus infections or reactivations and COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

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Zoster Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Child after COVID-19 Vaccination, California, USA

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion

Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion

Neurological Adverse Reactions to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination, and Human Herpesviruses Infections

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