Zoxamide accumulation and retention evaluation after nanosuspension technology application in tomato plant

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Low water solubility of pesticide requires formulations with high levels of stabilizers and organic solvents. Moreover, only 0.1% of the applied pesticides formulation reaches the target, while 99.9% spreads in the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is the need for more efficient and environmentally sustainable alternatives. RESULTS: Zoxamide (ZO) nanosuspension was prepared through a media milling technique by using the stabilizer polysorbate 80. The thin and acicular crystals obtained, showed particle size of 227 nm, polydispersion index of 0.247 and zeta potential of −28 mV. Dimensional data and morphology of ZO nanocrystals alone, on tomato leaves and berries, were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The reduction in size for ZO crystals obtained after the milling process increased pesticide water solubility till 39.6 mg L −1 , about 1.6 the solubility obtained with a conventional commercial formulation. Field and dip contamination trials performed on tomato plants showed the nanosuspension's ability to increase ZO deposition and accumulation versus a coarse ZO suspension and commercial formulation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The nanoformulation proposed, resulted in low cost and was easy to make. Moreover, the organic solvent-free composition together with a low surfactant addition assured a minor environmental impact. Finally, the increased retention and deposition of the fungicide can reduce the amounts of ZO formulation applied to tomatoes.

Efficient delivery of the herbicide quinclorac by nanosuspension for enhancing deposition, uptake and herbicidal activity

“…previously described that NS could improve the deposition and accumulation of zoxamide on tomato plants. 30 A recent work also revealed that the uptake of nano-scale fungicide by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea was approximately twice that of the micron-scale fungicide. 41 The results of our study support the application of NS in pesticide delivery, which could stimulate the development of key technology and products that can reduce the dosage and increase the efficiency of herbicides.…”

“…26,27 To date, studies on NS mainly focus on wettability, retention and adhesion on the leaf surface and bioactivity against insects and fungi, 23,28,29 as well as its ability to increase deposition and accumulation. 30 Nevertheless, relevant reports on the use of NS to deliver herbicides are rare. In addition, few studies have focused on the deposition and uptake of NS on weeds, which is currently limiting their application in sustainable agriculture.…”

Size-dependent Effect on Foliar Utilization and Biocontrol Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate Delivery Systems

“…25 Corrias et al produced a zoxamide nanosuspension with a particle size of 227 nm by a media milling technique, which increased pesticide water solubility and deposition and accumulation on tomato plants. 26 Suresh et al fabricated a nanopermethrin by solvent evaporation from an oil-in-water microemulsion. The nanopermethrin was 3 times more toxic to Aedes aegypti than the microparticular permethrin.…”

“…The fenpropathrin nanoemulsions prepared by Wei et al exhibited higher stability and insecticidal activity to Helicoverpa armigera, but lower toxicity to earthworms and L02 cells . Corrias et al produced a zoxamide nanosuspension with a particle size of 227 nm by a media milling technique, which increased pesticide water solubility and deposition and accumulation on tomato plants . Suresh et al fabricated a nanopermethrin by solvent evaporation from an oil-in-water microemulsion.…”

Preparation and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Chlorantraniliprole Nanosuspension

“…Chin et al produced a carbendazim nanosuspension via media milling which exhibited a superior stability and a 13.5% increase in insecticidal efficiency over a micron-sized suspension [ 24 ]. Francesco et al prepared a zoxamid nanosuspension using the same method and increased the solubility 1.6-fold compared to the SC formulation while improving the deposition and retention abilities of the active ingredient on tomato plants [ 25 ]. In our previous work, we successfully constructed lambda–cyhalothrin and abamectin nanosuspensions using melt emulsification–high-pressure homogenization and wet milling methods, proving the effectiveness of nanotechnology for enhancing the dispersibility and biological activity of poorly soluble pesticides [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”