ZrCo-based hydrogen isotopes storage alloys: A review

Density Functional Theory-Based Kinetic Modeling of Reactions of Hydrogen Isotopes (H2, D2, T2) and Carbonaceous Gases (CO2, CO, CH4) on the ZrCo(110) Surface

“…The t R values for CO 2 are generally shorter than those for CO at room temperature conditions, indicating a better CO-poisoning resistance of ZrCo than CO 2 . However, such a trend is reversed when impurity concentration is 0.06 for H 2 + CO 2 (CO) as well as 0.04 and 0.06 for D 2 + CO 2 (CO) and T 2 + CO 2 (CO) mixing gases at T = 300 K. While t R under room temperature could be long enough to saturate ZrCo with hydrogen before being poisoned by CO 2 or CO, , it drops dramatically when the temperature increases to 500 K. Dependence of t R on gaseous concentrations, as well as material operation temperatures, suggests that though ZrCo is fragile to CO 2 - or CO-poisoning, technologically feasible conditions for ZrCo as an efficient hydrogen storage material might be maintained by properly setting the operation temperature or manipulating the purity of input hydrogen gas.…”

“…For safety and cost reasons, many experimental characterizations on hydrogen isotope storage have been carried out with H 2 . 7,20,71,72 Relationship between results from hydrogen and its isotopes can assist extrapolations to D 2 and T 2 to better interpret the hydrogen isotope storage/delivery performance.…”

“…The 1:1 ratio of the ZrCo alloy has attracted great attention as a suitable hydrogen isotope storage material for clean energy technologies including the thermonuclear fusion reactor, which utilizes deuterium and tritium as reaction fuels. − The unique application of ZrCo lies in its high hydrogen isotope storage capacity, low absorption pressure, and low gas release temperature. − Compared to the conventional tritium storage material of uranium metal, whose application is heavily limited for its radioactive and pyrophoric nature, ZrCo can be more safely handled while exhibiting fast adsorption/desorption kinetics and long-term stability during its operating cycle. , On the other hand, despite the promising potential of ZrCo as a hydrogen isotope storage material, there are drawbacks that must be overcome to make it more engineering favorable.…”

Recent Progress in Functional Nanomaterials towards the Storage, Separation, and Removal of Tritium

“…Metal hydrides are suitable materials for storing and delivering hydrogen isotopes such as tritium. [ 38,110 ] They exhibit an extremely high hydrogen volumetric absorption density, store hydrogen several times more compactly than other high‐pressure gases and are often more compact than liquid hydrogen. Thus, in fusion reactors and tritium facilities, tritium is stored as metal tritides (e.g., tritium‐containing hydrides) ( Figure ) according to the following reactions (Equation ): $$$$\begin{equation}{\mathrm{M}}\left( {\mathrm{s}} \right) + \frac{x}{2}\ {{\mathrm{Q}}}_2\ \left( {\mathrm{g}} \right)\frac{{{\mathrm{absorption}}}}{{{\mathrm{desorption}}}}{\mathrm{MQ}}_x\left( {\mathrm{s}} \right)\left( {{\mathrm{Q\ }} = {\mathrm{\ H}},{\mathrm{\ D}},{\mathrm{\ or\ T}}} \right)\end{equation}$$$$…”

Recent Advances in Metal-Hydride-Based Disease Treatment

“…It is considered to be the most effective means of hydrogen delivery and has been widely used in new energy resources, automation, sensors, industry, etc . The use of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage not only has the characteristics of large hydrogen storage capacity, low energy consumption, and convenient use but also saves large and heavy steel containers, making storage and transportation more convenient and safe . Generally, the hydrogen absorption efficiency is the material basis for determining the hydrogen delivery efficiency; therefore, excellent metal hydrides always require a high hydrogen-saturated absorption .…”