ZrO<sub>2</sub>-β-cyclodextrin catalyzed synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles under solvent free conditions and evaluation of their antibacterial study

Girish, Yarabahally R.; Kumar, Kothanahally S. Sharath; Thimmaiah, Κ. N.; Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S.; Shashikanth, S.

doi:10.1039/c5ra13891d

Cited by 51 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“… Entry Catalyst Solvent/Temperature Time (min) Yield (%) Ref. 1 Cellulose/Fe 2 O 3 /Ag (0.015 g) Solvent-Free/100 °C 10 91 [ 45 ] 2 l -Proline (15 % mol) MeOH/Reflux 540 90 [ 46 ] 3 Silica sulfuric acid (0.5 g) H 2 O/Reflux 240 73 [ 47 ] 4 TiCl 4 .SiO 2 (50 mol%) Solvent-Free/110 °C 300 92 [ 48 ] 5 Fe 3 O 4 @PVA-SO 3 H (0.5 g) EtOH/r.t 40 98 [ 41 ] 6 ZrO 2 -β-CD (40 % mol) Solvent-Free/100 °C 24 96 [ 49 ] 7 ZnS–ZnFe 2 O 4 (0.02 g) Ultrasonic/70 °C 15 95 [ 44 ] 8 MgAl CO 3 -LDH@Asn EtOH/Reflux 20 ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of new biocatalyst based on LDH functionalized with l-asparagine amino acid for the synthesis of tri-substituted derivatives of 2, 4, 5-(H1)-imidazoles

Moradi,

Ardeshiri,

Gholami

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of new biocatalyst based on LDH functionalized with l-asparagine amino acid for the synthesis of tri-substituted derivatives of 2, 4, 5-(H1)-imidazoles

Moradi,

Ardeshiri,

Gholami

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…The 80–96% of the products were obtained in 1–1.4 h at 100°C (Scheme ). The catalyst reusability was for four runs . Ahmadian et al ., using the same protocol, proposed a green solvent‐free synthesis of 2‐aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1 H ‐1,3‐benzimidazoles ( 27 ) by employing cobalt manganese oxide nanoparticles as catalyst.…”

Section: Nano‐transition Metal Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Of O‐phenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles From o‐Phenylenediamine via Nanoparticles and Green Strategies Using Transition Metal Catalysts

Singhal

Khanna

Panda

et al. 2019

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic moiety of immense importance as it acts as a primary “biolinker” in diverse synthetic routes to obtain bioactive compounds. Substituted benzimidazoles are known to possess a varied range of pharmacological applications, namely, anti‐cancer, anti‐diabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and antiviral like anti‐HIV and anti‐fungal. A number of reviews covering the important aspects of benzimidazoles such as pharmacological activities, SAR studies, and well‐known methods of synthesis have appeared in the literature. However, green synthetic methods particularly using transition metal (TM) catalysts and their nanoparticles, although being more viable and extensively applied by researchers in the present scenario, have not been exclusively and expansively reviewed. Besides this, the vital precursors required for knitting the skeleton of benzimidazole are mainly o‐aryldiamines. The conventional synthesis generally involved the condensation of these diamines with carbonyl/carboxylic acid derivatives either via high temperature heating or via adding strong acids, mostly resulting in poor yields or mixtures. However, recent trends are replacing these conditions by mild and green conditions through TM catalysts. Therefore, the current review emphasizes on the recent trends adopted in the synthesis of benzimidazoles using condensation reaction of o‐phenylenediamines and various aldehydes/ester/amide/alcohols with TM in a catalytic role in nanoform and under environmentally benign green conditions.

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“…Girish et al [ 39 ] reported the synthesis of 2-phenyl imidazole derivatives by the addition reaction using nano ZrO 2 -β-cyclodextrin as a supramolecular catalyst in good yield ( Scheme 14 a). In addition, the catalyst can be recycled to facilitate resource conservation.…”

Section: Application Of Cyclodextrin In Conventional Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrin-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Applications

et al. 2017

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Cyclodextrins are well-known macrocyclic oligosaccharides that consist of α-(1,4) linked glucose units and have been widely used as artificial enzymes, chiral separators, chemical sensors, and drug excipients, owing to their hydrophobic and chiral interiors. Due to their remarkable inclusion capabilities with small organic molecules, more recent interests focus on organic reactions catalyzed by cyclodextrins. This contribution outlines the current progress in cyclodextrin-catalyzed organic reactions. Particular emphases are given to the organic reaction mechanisms and their applications. In the end, the future directions of research in this field are proposed.

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ZrO₂-β-cyclodextrin catalyzed synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles under solvent free conditions and evaluation of their antibacterial study

Abstract: A series of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles catalyzed by ZrO2-supported-β-cyclodextrin (ZrO2-β-CD) under solvent free conditions have been synthesized and characterized by spectral methods.

Cited by 51 publications

References 85 publications

Synthesis and characterization of new biocatalyst based on LDH functionalized with l-asparagine amino acid for the synthesis of tri-substituted derivatives of 2, 4, 5-(H1)-imidazoles

Synthesis and characterization of new biocatalyst based on LDH functionalized with l-asparagine amino acid for the synthesis of tri-substituted derivatives of 2, 4, 5-(H1)-imidazoles

Recent Trends in the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles From o‐Phenylenediamine via Nanoparticles and Green Strategies Using Transition Metal Catalysts

Cyclodextrin-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Applications

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ZrO2-β-cyclodextrin catalyzed synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles under solvent free conditions and evaluation of their antibacterial study

Abstract: A series of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles catalyzed by ZrO2-supported-β-cyclodextrin (ZrO2-β-CD) under solvent free conditions have been synthesized and characterized by spectral methods.

Cited by 51 publications

References 85 publications

Synthesis and characterization of new biocatalyst based on LDH functionalized with l-asparagine amino acid for the synthesis of tri-substituted derivatives of 2, 4, 5-(H1)-imidazoles

Synthesis and characterization of new biocatalyst based on LDH functionalized with l-asparagine amino acid for the synthesis of tri-substituted derivatives of 2, 4, 5-(H1)-imidazoles

Recent Trends in the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles From o‐Phenylenediamine via Nanoparticles and Green Strategies Using Transition Metal Catalysts

Cyclodextrin-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Applications

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ZrO₂-β-cyclodextrin catalyzed synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles under solvent free conditions and evaluation of their antibacterial study