ZrO2/PMMA Nanocomposites: Preparation and Its Dispersion in Polymer Matrix

Fan, Fangqiang; Xia, Zhengbin; Li, Qingying; Li, Zhong; Huan-qin, Chen

doi:10.1016/s1004-9541(13)60448-6

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Sodagar et al [39] determined that the incorporation of TiO 2 nanoparticles to the PMMA matrix causes agglomeration, which acts as a stress raiser in the centre of the matrix and reduces the mechanical properties of the polymer material with increasing concentrations of the TiO 2 nanoparticles. Fangqiang et al [40] investigated the distribution of ZrO 2 particles in PMMA matrix using two strategies during mixing: Physical method and chemical method. The physical method was conducted by melt blending, high-energy ball milling or ultrasonic vibration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Mechanical Properties of ZrO2-Impregnated PMMA Nanocomposite for Denture-Based Applications

et al. 2019

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Acrylic resin PMMA (poly-methyl methacrylate) is used in the manufacture of denture bases but its mechanical properties can be deficient in this role. This study investigated the mechanical properties (flexural strength, fracture toughness, impact strength, and hardness) and fracture behavior of a commercial, high impact (HI), heat-cured denture base acrylic resin impregnated with different concentrations of yttria-stabilized zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles. Six groups were prepared having different wt% concentrations of ZrO2 nanoparticles: 0% (control), 1.5%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%, respectively. Flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured using a three-point bending test and surface hardness was evaluated using the Vickers hardness test. Fracture toughness and impact strength were evaluated using a single edge bending test and Charpy impact instrument. The fractured surfaces of impact test specimens were also observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analyses were conducted on the data obtained from the experiments. The mean flexural strength of ZrO2/PMMA nanocomposites (84 ± 6 MPa) at 3 wt% zirconia was significantly greater than that of the control group (72 ± 9 MPa) (p < 0.05). The mean flexural modulus was also significantly improved with different concentrations of zirconia when compared to the control group, with 5 wt% zirconia demonstrating the largest (23%) improvement. The mean fracture toughness increased in the group containing 5 wt% zirconia compared to the control group, but it was not significant. However, the median impact strength for all groups containing zirconia generally decreased when compared to the control group. Vickers hardness (HV) values significantly increased with an increase in ZrO2 content, with the highest values obtained at 10 wt%, at 0 day (22.9 HV0.05) in dry conditions when compared to the values obtained after immersing the specimens for seven days (18.4 HV0.05) and 45 days (16.3 HV0.05) in distilled water. Incorporation of ZrO2 nanoparticles into high impact PMMA resin significantly improved flexural strength, flexural modulus, fracture toughness and surface hardness, with an optimum concentration of 3–5 wt% zirconia. However, the impact strength of the nanocomposites decreased, apart from the 5 wt% zirconia group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Mechanical Properties of ZrO2-Impregnated PMMA Nanocomposite for Denture-Based Applications

et al. 2019

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“…However, when adding a 4 wt % of zirconia, hardness decreases by 31%, probably due to a saturation of the blend accompanied by the apparition of agglomerates. The high surface energy of nanoparticles is prone to induce the formation of nanoparticles aggregation [ 42 ]. Thus, phase separation often takes place owing to the great differences in the properties of polymer and inorganic materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overall decrease on WCA was observed comparing the values obtained for PBS samples at W0 and at W4, making the matrix material more hydrophilic with time as a result of material degradation. According to Mizuno et al, wettability together with the stereochemistry, the flexibility of molecular chains and the crystallinity, have been found to be decisive factors in the biodegradability of PBS [ 42 ]. Our results show the natural effect of conjugating the natural biodegradation process of PBS synergistically speed up by the acid transfer of IA to the PBS matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Fixation Strategies on Sustainable Poly-Butylene Succinate Using Biobased Itaconic Acid

Quiles¹,

Vidal²,

Luzi

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Biopo-lybutylene succinate (bioPBS) is gaining attention in the biodegradable polymer market due to its promising properties, such as high biodegradability and processing versatility, representing a potential sustainable replacement for fossil-based commodities. However, there is still a need to enhance its properties for certain applications, with aesthetical and mechanical properties being a challenge. The aim of the present work is to improve these properties by adding selected additives that will confer bioPBS with comparable properties to that of current counterparts such as polypropylene (PP) for specific applications in the automotive and household appliances sectors. A total of thirteen materials have been studied and compared, being twelve biocomposites containing combinations of three different additives: a commercial red colorant, itaconic acid (IA) to enhance color fixation and zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles to maintain at least native PBS mechanical properties. The results show that the combination of IA and the coloring agent tends to slightly yellowish the blend due to the absorbance spectra of IA and also to modify the gloss due to the formation of IA nanocrystals that affects light scattering. In addition, for low amounts of IA (4 wt %), Young’s Modulus seems to be kept while elongation at break is even raised. Unexpectedly, a strong aging affect was found after four weeks. IA increases the hydrophilic behavior of the samples and thus seems to accelerate the hydrolization of the matrix, which is accompanied by an accused disaggregation of phases and an overall softening and rigidization effect. The addition of low amounts of ZrO2 (2 wt %) seems to provide the desired effect for hardening the surface while almost not affecting the other properties; however, higher amounts tends to form aggregates saturating the compounds. As a conclusion, IA might be a good candidate for color fixing in biobased polymers.

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“…However, when adding a 4 wt.% of zirconia, hardness descends by 31 %, probably due to a saturation of the blend accompanied by the apparition of agglomerates. High surface energy of nanoparticles is prone to induce the formation of nanoparticles aggregation [41]. Thus, phase separation often takes place owing to the great differences in the properties of polymer and inorganic materials.…”

Section: Hardness 321 Hardness Results At W0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour Fixation Strategies on Sustainable Polybutylene Succinate Using Biobased Itaconic Acid

García-Quiles¹,

Vidal²,

Puglia³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BioPBS is gaining attention in the biodegradable polymer market due to their promising properties such as high biodegradability and processing versatility representing a potential sustainable replacement for fossil oil-based commodities. However, there is still a need to enhance its properties for certain applications, being aesthetical and mechanical properties a challenge. The aim of the present work is to improve these properties by adding selected additives that will confer bioPBS with comparable properties to that of current counterparts such as polypropylene (PP) for specific applications in the automotive and household appliances sectors. A total of thirteen materials have been studied and compared, being twelve biocomposites containing combinations of three different additives: a commercial red colourant, itaconic acid (IA) to enhance colour fixation and zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles to maintain at least native PBS mechanical properties. Results show that the combination of IA and the colouring agent tends to slightly yellowish the blend due to the absorbance spectra of IA and also to modify the gloss due to the formation of IA nanocrystals that affects light scattering. In addition, for low amounts of IA (4wt.%), young modulus seems to be kept while elongation at break is even raised. Unexpectedly, a strong aging affect was found after 4 weeks. IA increases the hydrophilic behaviour of the samples and thus seems to accelerate the hydrolisation of the matrix, which is accompanied by an accused disaggregation of phases and an overall softening and rigidization effect. The addition of low amounts of ZrO2 (2wt.%) seems to provide the desired effect for hardening the surface while almost not affecting the other properties; however, higher amounts tends to form aggregates saturating the compounds. As a conclusion, IA might be a good candidate for colour fixing in biobased polymers.

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ZrO2/PMMA Nanocomposites: Preparation and Its Dispersion in Polymer Matrix

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Investigating the Mechanical Properties of ZrO2-Impregnated PMMA Nanocomposite for Denture-Based Applications

Investigating the Mechanical Properties of ZrO2-Impregnated PMMA Nanocomposite for Denture-Based Applications

Color Fixation Strategies on Sustainable Poly-Butylene Succinate Using Biobased Itaconic Acid

Colour Fixation Strategies on Sustainable Polybutylene Succinate Using Biobased Itaconic Acid

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