Zróżnicowanie i zmienność wieloletnia sezonowości przepływu w wybranych przekrojach wodowskazowych Wisły

Abstract

The aim of the study is to identify the flow seasonality of the Vistula river in 14 water-gauge cross-sections located along the river course (from Skoczów to Tczew). For this purpose, the following characteristics were used: seasonality index (IS), period of seasonal concentration (PK) half-flow date (TPO), and concentration index (GMO). Hydrometric data from the 1951-2016 period were shared by IMGW-PIB. The average time of seasonal concentrations and half-flow dates in the analysed cross-sections occurred in April or May. Along the Vistula river the mean PK and TPO regress towards winter (are earlier and earlier). The average seasonality index is comprised in the range 22-32%, while the values of the concentration index fall into the range 10.0-14.5. The highest IS values characterize the upper part of the river down to the Goczałkowice water-gauge (here it reaches the maximum). Next the IS rapidly decreases, due to the summing of the flows from the Vistula river tributaries varying conditions of flow formation (from Carpathian Mountains and Uplands). A significant increase in the IS is visible below the mouths of the Dunajec and then the San rivers. A local maximum of the seasonality index occurs in the Zawichost cross-section. Next, the IS slowly decreases along the river down to the Vistula river mouth. One exception is the Włocławek water-gauge where a small increase of the IS can be noticed. It is due to the functioning of a dam and a big reservoir in the town. The changes of the concentration index along the Vistula river are similar to the seasonality index changes but the differences between the values of extremes are less visible. In the five analysed flood years, both the seasonality indexes and the concentration indexes were quite high in the upper part of the Vistula river and average in the central and lower parts of the river. The half-flow dates and the periods of seasonal concentration were stable along the whole river's course but very diversified in particular years. The changes of the

Transformation of the Flow Regime of a Large Allochthonous River in Central Europe—An Example of the Vistula River in Poland

“…In general, these findings are consistent with results obtained in [23,24], and other researchers analyzing river regime characteristics and their long-term trends in Europe, including [6,8]. Changes in the regime characteristics detected in the Vistula River basin are typical of allochthonous rivers.…”

“…As pointed in [24], the identified spatial and temporal (seasonal) patterns of river regime are unstable and may change over time, as do the seasons and climate regions. Despite this, identifying there regularities does not seem to be a meaningless task, since such a description allows to outline at least the framework of possible temporal variability today and in the future and to approximate the directions of possible changes of the current hydrological state of individual parts of the river basin.…”

“…Wrzesiński and Sobkowiak [23] detected changes in the flow regime characteristics of rivers in Poland, including the Vistula, and determined their exact dates. Jokiel and Tomalski [24] identified the flow seasonality of the Vistula in 14 water-gauge cross-sections along the river course in 1951-2016 and concluded that despite climate warming and impact of human activity the seasonal structure of the Vistula River flow did not show clear tendencies, multi-annual fluctuations or changes, which could be described and reliably documented by more or less comprehensive seasonality measures.…”

Profesor Paweł Jokiel – życiorys wodą pisany

“…2006) Social meeting during the scientific conference "Springs -environmental aspects of investiga-tion". From left: Dr J. Burchard, Prof. R. Soja, Prof. A.T. Jankowski, Prof. P. Jokiel, Prof. J. Pociask-Karteczka, Prof. W. Chełmicki 2005; Jokiel, Tomalski 2005a, 2014ab, 2015ab, 2016Jokiel , 2016aJokiel, Stanisławczyk 2016). Ponadto, Profesor dokonał wielu analiz form zasilania koryta rzecznego, poświęcając w nich dużo miejsca procesom hydrologicznym, które decydują o ich dynamice oraz cechach przestrzennych, zarówno z punktu widzenia rozpoznawania środowiska geograficznego, jak też znaczenia dla funkcjonowania współczesnych systemów gospodarki wodnej (Bartnik, Jokiel 2000Jokiel, Tomaszewski 2009, 2015Jokiel, Tomalski 2017c).…”

“…Wiele tych aspektów pojawiło się już w zacytowanych powyżej, opracowaniach naukowych o charakterze wielkowątkowym. Niemniej jednak, warto zwrócić uwagę na kilka istotnych prac dotyczących antropopresji, zwłaszcza w kontekście odziaływania aglomeracji miejskiej (Jokiel 2018;Jokiel, Bartnik 2020 oraz skutków działań gospodarki wodnej w przemyśle, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem górnictwa odkrywkowego (Jokiel, Maksymiuk 1988a. Problemy dotyczące struktury i skuteczności działania gospodarki wodnej były przez Profesora poruszane zazwyczaj na przykładzie bardzo dobrze znanej Jubilatowi Łodzi i regionu łódzkiego.…”