Zur Kenntnis Der Zusammensetzung Des Honigtaues

Ziegler, H.; Penth, Sigrid

doi:10.1051/apido:19770412

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…Although ants do not respond numerically, they are able to react functionally. Wood ants are simultaneously opportunistic predators of herbivores (and their natural enemies) and, in fact, herbivores themselves, as plant sap passes through the aphid alimentary canal changing in constitution but without being assimilated (Ziegler & Penth, 1977). An ant colony can maintain a high population, rapidly switching its prey preferences (Horstmann, 1972) and can survive exclusively on honeydew if necessary (Kloft, 1953).…”

Section: Predation By Ants Reduces Herbivores and Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ant exclusion during outbreaks of a defoliator and a sap‐sucker on birch

Karhu

1998

Ecological Entomology

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1. The influence of a wood ant, Formica aquilonia, on the defoliation of the white birch, Betula pubescens, and on its invertebrate community was studied in ant‐exclusion experiments during two outbreaks, the decline phase of the autumnal moth, Epirrita autumnata, and the peak year of the birch aphid, Euceraphis punctipennis, not tended by ants. 2. The numbers of the wood ant and Symydobius oblongus, a tended aphid, in birch foliage showed a strong positive correlation, and the former decreased rapidly when the distance from the ant mound increased, confirming that there was a distance‐related gradient in arboreal ant predation. There may have been a parallel reduction in soil amelioration by ants through nest construction and food gathering. 3. The application of a glue ring around the trunk excluded ants totally from the canopy, inhibiting predation but not fertilization. 4. Ant‐exclusion resulted in a 90–95% reduction in the growth of tended aphid colonies by mid‐season. 5. Outbreak populations of the autumnal moth and the birch aphid were reduced by 45–67% and 77%, respectively, in control trees and correlated negatively with ant numbers. 6. The total percentage of leaf area damaged by moth larvae was 34% lower in ant‐foraged than in unforaged trees. 7. Neither the distance from the ant mound nor its interaction with the glue treatment had any effect on the herbivores or folivory, indicating that the possible soil‐ameliorating effect was weaker than predation, which reduced herbivore numbers at every distance studied (4–20 m). 8. Predation by ants also affected the abundance of syrphid larvae, predatory on both aphids, the percentage parasitism by a wasp, Aleiodes testaceus, on the autumnal moth, and thereby (or directly) its age (size) distribution. The presence of ants had no influence on spider abundance. 9. It is concluded that predation rather than soil amelioration is likely to be the reason why the degree of folivory and, during serious outbreaks, the mortality of trees are lower in the vicinity of wood‐ant mounds.

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Section: Predation By Ants Reduces Herbivores and Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ant exclusion during outbreaks of a defoliator and a sap‐sucker on birch

Karhu

1998

Ecological Entomology

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“…Extrafloral nectar and honeydew are variable in their chemical composition, comprising a range of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides (Bentley 1977;Kunkel and Kloft 1977;Völkl et al 1999;Wäckers 2001), and may contain other classes of chemical compounds such as amino acids, proteins and lipids (Baker and Baker 1973;Ziegler and Penth 1977). The monosaccharides fructose and glucose, the disaccharides sucrose, trehalose and maltose, and trisaccharides such as melizitose, raffinose and erlose have been detected in honeydew (Völkl et al 1999;Wäckers 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustatory perception and metabolic utilization of sugars by Myrmica rubra ant workers

Boevé

Wäckers

2003

Oecologia

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The suitability of various nectar and honeydew sugars as a food source for the polyphagous ant species M. rubra (L.) was studied. The sugars used included monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, trehalose, melibiose, lactose) and trisaccharides (melizitose, raffinose, erlose). Single-sugar solutions were tested on ant workers in a long-term laboratory bioassay in which acceptance of the solutions and ant survival were recorded. The acceptance of the sugars was confirmed in a second bioassay in which feeding time was established. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose, maltose and melibiose was investigated through HPLC analyses of workers fed these disaccharides. Sugar acceptance and feeding time were related to ant survival. Considering the monosaccharide units of which the sugars are composed, fructose seems especially suitable as a short-term energy source, while glucose appears to be used both directly and for storage. The presence of a galactose unit appears to reduce sugar suitability. It is suggested that the workers possess invertase and maltase and to a lesser degree also galactosidase. The gustatory perception is correlated with the profitability of sugars in further metabolic processes.

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Cyclitols

Loewus¹,

Dickinson²

1982

Plant Carbohydrates I

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Zur Kenntnis Der Zusammensetzung Des Honigtaues

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of ant exclusion during outbreaks of a defoliator and a sap‐sucker on birch

Effects of ant exclusion during outbreaks of a defoliator and a sap‐sucker on birch

Gustatory perception and metabolic utilization of sugars by Myrmica rubra ant workers

Cyclitols

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