“…The oxygen retention in vanadium alloys exposed to lithium was observed in previous studies on V-3Ti-15Nb and V-5Ti-2Cr alloys by Borgstedt et al [27,28]. There was almost no change in oxygen level and a more than doubled increase in carbon concentration in V-3Ti-15Nb and V-5Ti-2Cr after exposure to lithium at 700°C for 500 h. Unalloyed vanadium that was tested in the same environment, however, showed a loss of oxygen and a pickup of carbon.…”