Zur Morphologie und Embryogenese des Darmtraktes und der transitorischen Organe bei Prosobranchiern (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Fioroni, Pio

doi:10.5962/bhl.part.75848

Cited by 55 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, the direct-developing brooded calyptraeids Crepidula adunca and Crepidula philippiana lose almost all vestiges of the larval velum and operculum (Gallardo, 1977b;Collin, 2000a). Although the loss of larval structures is also well documented for muricids (e.g., Fioroni, 1966), it is also common for species without a free-living larval stage to retain larval features during development. For example, Moran (1999) demonstrated that the embryonic velum in Littorina species with encapsulated development is not simplified or reduced compared to that of species with planktotrophic larvae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogenetic and Embryological Evidence That Feeding Larvae Have Been Reacquired in a Marine Gastropod

Collin

Chaparro

Winkler

et al. 2007

The Biological Bulletin

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Abstract. Evolutionary transitions between different modes of development in marine invertebrates are thought to be biased toward the loss of feeding larvae. Because the morphology of feeding larvae is complex and nonfceding larvae or encapsulated embryos with benthic development often have simplified morphologies, it is presumed to be easier to lose a larval stage than to reacquire it. Some authors have gone so far as to suggest that feeding larvae, morphologically similar to the ancestral feeding larvae, cannot be reacquired. However, the larval structures of some groups, most notably gastropods, are often retained in the encapsulated embryos of species that hatch as benthic juveniles. Therefore the re-evolution of feeding larvae using the same structures may be possible in these groups. Here we present the first well-substantiated case for the recent re-evolution of feeding larvae within a clade of directdevelopers. DNA sequence data show that Crepipatella fecunda, a species of calyptraeid gastropod with planktotrophic development, is nested within a clade of species with direct development, and that Crepipatella dilatata, a species with direct development, appears to be paraphyletic with respect to C. fecunda. Observation of the embryos of C. dilatata shows that the features necessary for larval feeding and swimming are retained in the encapsulated veligers, suggesting that heterochronic shifts in hatching time and changes in nurse-egg allotment could have resulted in the re-evolution of feeding larvae in this species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogenetic and Embryological Evidence That Feeding Larvae Have Been Reacquired in a Marine Gastropod

Collin

Chaparro

Winkler

et al. 2007

The Biological Bulletin

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“…We observed that embryos of P. aurantiaca use one of the adelphophagy mechanisms reported by Fioroni (1967). There is a rotation of the nurse eggs by the embryos with the help of the velum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…There is a rotation of the nurse eggs by the embryos with the help of the velum. This rotation, according to Fioroni (1967), detaches some particles from the egg that enter the stomodaeum by ciliary movements. We can see in Figure 2A that nurse eggs are bigger than the normal eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spawn and larval development of <i>Pleuroploca aurantiaca</i> (Lamarck, 1816) (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) from Northeast Brazil

Meirelles¹,

Mattews-Cascon²

2005

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Spawn and larval development stages of Pleuroploca aurantiaca from northeast Brazil are described. The reproductive period lasted from August to December, with a peak in November. Spawn masses were composed of 29 ± 3 vase-shaped capsules which measured 9 ± 1 mm (n = 30) in length and 4.5 ± 0.5 mm (n = 30) in width. The exit plug was located on the apical area and measured 2.5 ± 0.5 mm (n = 30) in diameter. Each capsule had 353 ± 59 (n = 10) eggs that measured 240 ± 1 µm (n = 15) in diameter. On the tenth day, the intracapsular veliger stage was observed. The intracapsular pediveliger stage was observed on the twenty first day, when the individuals had a functional foot and a reduced velum. Hatching occurred on the thirtieth day, when the early juvenile measured 3 to 5 mm in length and there was no remaining velum. Only 1% of the eggs developed to the hatching stage. The rest were nurse eggs used by embryos as a food resource. Pleuroploca aurantiaca has an intracapsular metamorphosis development type.Keywords: reproduction, development, Mollusca, Fasciolariidae, Pleuroploca, Pleuroploca aurantiaca. RESUMEN: PUESTA Y DESARROLLO LARVARIO DE PLEUROPLOCA AURANTIACA (LAMARCK, 1816) (GASTROPODA: FASCIOLARII-DAE) DEL NE DE BRASIL. -Se describe la puesta y los estadios de desarrollo larvario de Pleuroploca aurantiaca del NE de Brasil. El período reproductivo se extiende desde agosto a diciembre, con un pico en noviembre. Las masas de puesta están formadas por 29 ± 3 cápsulas en forma de vaso de 9 ± 1 mm de longitud (n = 30) y 4.5 ± 0.5 mm (n = 30) de anchura. El orificio de salida está localizado en el área apical y mide 2. 5 ± 0.5 mm (n = 30) de diámetro. Cada cápsula tiene 353 ± 59 (n = 10) huevos de 240 ± 1 ?m (n = 15) de diámetro. El estadio veliger intracapsular fue observado al décimo día. El estadio pediveliger intracapsular fue observado al vigésimo primer día, cuando los individuos ya tienen un pie funcional y un velum reducido. La eclosión tuvo lugar el día 30 y los primeros juveniles midieron entre 3 y 5 mm de longitud. No se observaron restos de velo. Sólo un 1% del total de huevos se desarrollaron hasta el estadio de eclosión. El resto fueron usados por los embriones como fuente de alimento. P. aurantiaca presenta un tipo de desarrollo metamórfico intracapsular.

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“…The molluscan velum is presumed to be the primary area for respiratory gas exchange in planktonic larvae and encapsulated embryos (Werner, 1955;Fioroni, 1966). The velar ridge (shown in Fig.…”

Section: Hypoxia-induced Developmental Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This oxygen tension was considered moderate as eggs of this species can encounter considerably lower P O2 in intertidal pools where the species is found (Morris and Taylor, 1983), and is not as severe as the level that some ecologists would designate as a threshold for hypoxia (Vaquer-Sunyer and Duarte, 2008). In a recent paper, we described the structures associated with cardio-respiratory physiology in L. obtusata embryos (Bitterli et al, 2012), namely: the bi-lobed, ciliated velum, which is used early in development in locomotion, feeding and gas exchange (Chaparro et al, 2002;Strathmann and Leise, 1979;Fretter, 1967;Fioroni, 1966); the larval heart, a thin-walled, ectodermal vesicle connected to the foot and velum (Werner, 1955); and the adult heart. These structures are part of four phases in development of cardio-respiratory function: (i) velar-associated, cilial rotation, which we proposed enhanced gas exchange; (ii) circulation by the larval heart; (iii) circulation by both the larval and adult hearts; and (iv) a final phase when circulation is carried out only by the adult heart (Bitterli et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the timing of cardio-respiratory development determine whether marine gastropod embryos survive or die in hypoxia

Rudin-Bitterli

Spicer

Rundle

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Physiological plasticity of early developmental stages is a key way by which organisms can survive and adapt to environmental change. We investigated developmental plasticity of aspects of the cardio-respiratory physiology of encapsulated embryos of a marine gastropod, Littorina obtusata, surviving exposure to moderate hypoxia (P O2 =8 kPa) and compared the development of these survivors with that of individuals that died before hatching. Individuals surviving hypoxia exhibited a slower rate of development and altered ontogeny of cardio-respiratory structure and function compared with normoxic controls (P O2 >20 kPa). The onset and development of the larval and adult hearts were delayed in chronological time in hypoxia, but both organs appeared earlier in developmental time and cardiac activity rates were greater. The velum, a transient, 'larval' organ thought to play a role in gas exchange, was larger in hypoxia but developed more slowly (in chronological time), and velar cilia-driven, rotational activity was lower. Despite these effects of hypoxia, 38% of individuals survived to hatching. Compared with those embryos that died during development, these surviving embryos had advanced expression of adult structures, i.e. a significantly earlier occurrence and greater activity of their adult heart and larger shells. In contrast, embryos that died retained larval cardio-respiratory features (the velum and larval heart) for longer in chronological time. Surviving embryos came from eggs with significantly higher albumen provisioning than those that died, suggesting an energetic component for advanced development of adult traits.

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Zur Morphologie und Embryogenese des Darmtraktes und der transitorischen Organe bei Prosobranchiern (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Cited by 55 publications

References 16 publications

Molecular Phylogenetic and Embryological Evidence That Feeding Larvae Have Been Reacquired in a Marine Gastropod

Molecular Phylogenetic and Embryological Evidence That Feeding Larvae Have Been Reacquired in a Marine Gastropod

Spawn and larval development of <i>Pleuroploca aurantiaca</i> (Lamarck, 1816) (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) from Northeast Brazil

Differences in the timing of cardio-respiratory development determine whether marine gastropod embryos survive or die in hypoxia

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