Zur Pharmakologie Des Hordenins

Rietschel, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf01775665

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The fairly numerous early papers on the pharmacology of hordenine were reviewed by Rietschel in 1937, who considered the actions of this alkaloid to resemble both adrenaline and nicotine [33]. Much more recently it was found to be an indirect adrenergic agonist, apparently acting by inhibition of noradrenaline uptake [34].…”

Section: Alkaloids Of the Cactaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaloids of the Cactaceae — The Classics

Cassels

2019

Natural Product Communications

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Alkaloids of the Cactaceae have been studied for the last 120 years. The first half of that period provided the "classic" compounds, after which a large number of usually very similar analogs were isolated or determined with modern methods. Although some unusual synthetic approaches have been developed, their preparation is generally quite straightforward. Their biosynthesis has been studied but, particularly in the case of the isoquinoline compounds, important aspects have not been addressed. Due to its striking effects, the pharmacology of mescaline has been studied more intensely than that of the other phenethylamines present in cacti, followed only by hordenine. The many 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids have attracted much less interest and have often been considered practically inactive. Nevertheless, some recorded activities of this group of compounds suggests a need for additional studies, especially in connection with their co-administration with mescaline, as in dried cacti and in beverages prepared from them.

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Section: Alkaloids Of the Cactaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaloids of the Cactaceae — The Classics

Cassels

2019

Natural Product Communications

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“…Small doses of hordenine have no effect on blood circulation, but larger ones produce appreciable hypertension and accelerated pulsation; very Iarge doses cause death by arrest of respiration. Rietschel (295,296) found that the pressure effect of hordenine is not of central origin but results by stimulation of the heart muscle. Although much less active than adrenalin, it is analogous in its action, resembling ephedrine rather than adrenalin.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Peyote Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peyote Constituents: Chemistry, Biogenesis, and Biological Effects

Kapadia

Fayez

1970

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…It is structurally related to epinephrine and ephedrine, and is classified as a sympathomimetic stimulant. It stimulates heart function, consmcts blood vessels and relaxes bronchioles (Rietschel 1937).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hordenine: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and behavioural effects in the horse

Frank

Weckman

Wood

et al. 1990

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Hordenine is an alkaloid occurring naturally in grains, sprouting barley, and certain grasses. It is occasionally found in post race urine samples, and therefore we investigated its pharmacological actions in the horse. Hordenine (2.0 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt]) was administered by rapid intravenous (iv) injection to 10 horses. Typically, dosed horses showed a flehmen response and defecated within 60 secs. All horses showed substantial respiratory distress. Respiratory rates increased about 250 per cent and heart rates were approximately double that of resting values. All animals broke out in a sweat shortly after iv injection, but basal body temperature was not affected. These effects were transient, and the animals appeared normal within 30 mins of dosing. Treated horses were tested in a variable interval responding apparatus 30 mins after dosing and no residual stimulation or depressant effects of hordenine were apparent. Animals dosed orally with 2.0 mg/kg bwt of hordenine showed no changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, basal body temperature or behaviour. After iv injection of hordenine, (2.0 mg/kg bwt) plasma reached a maximum value of about 1.0 μg/ml, and declined thereafter in a biexponential fashion. Kinetics of plasma concentration satisfied the concept of a two compartment open system, with an α‐phase half‐life of about 3 mins, and a ß‐phase half‐life of about 35 mins. Total urinary concentrations of hordenine (free and conjugated) peaked at about 400 μg/ml, and then declined exponentially to background levels by 24 h after dosing. Oral administration of hordenine (2.0 mg/kg bwt) showed peak plasma levels of about 0.15 μg/ml 1 h after dosing, followed by a slow multi‐exponential decline in blood levels of the drug. Total urinary concentrations of hordenine (free and conjugated) peaked at about 200 μg/ml, remained at this level for about 8 h, and then declined to background levels. Plasma levels of hordenine were reflected by a kinetic model which assumed very slow absorption of hordenine from the gastrointestinal tract and no effect on behaviour, heart rate or respiratory rate were noted after oral administration. Because of the low plasma levels, it would appear to be particularly difficult to obtain a pharmacological effect of hordenine after oral administration.

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Zur Pharmakologie Des Hordenins

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Alkaloids of the Cactaceae — The Classics

Alkaloids of the Cactaceae — The Classics

Peyote Constituents: Chemistry, Biogenesis, and Biological Effects

Hordenine: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and behavioural effects in the horse

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