Zur Physiologie des Farbensehens

Studnitz, G. von

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-51845-4_37

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These experiments have been commented upon elsewhere (44,101), and there is no need to review them again. More recently von Studnitz has reported the extr a cti o n of a wide array of light-sensitive color vision pig ments from the retinas of man and other animals, with ether, chloroform, methyl and ethyl alcohol, and other fat solvents (88,89). I shall have more to say of this below.…”

Section: Iodopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some confusion has resulted in the literature from the claims of von Studnitz, which still continue (89) , to have made measurements upon the cone light-sensitive pigment of a turtle retina as early as 1932 (86) , and to have extracted light-sensitive pigment from this tissue with ether in 1937 (87). These experiments have been commented upon elsewhere (44,101), and there is no need to review them again.…”

Section: Iodopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Biochemistry of Vision

Wald¹

1953

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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It is ten years since this subject was last reviewed in these pages by Hecht (44).3 Some of those years were wasted by the war. Those who think that war stimulates scientific research are not scientists. It may stimulate technology. All the organized projects, the money and material poured into them, the committees and conferences, succeed mainly in obscuring the fact , The following abbreviations are used: DPN for diphosphopyridine nucleotide; DPNH2 for diphosphopyridine nucleotide (reduced for m).S Various aspects of this subject have recently been reviewed by Broda (16), Granit (37a, 39), Morton (68, 69), von Studnitz (89), Tansley (85), and Wald (102, 106, 109, 110). • Throughout this review the terms vitamin A an d retinene refer to the sub stances otherwise called vitamin Al and retinenel. 497 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1953.22:497-526. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by University of California -Davis on 02/08/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS WALDnext few years will lie as much in the protein as in the carotenoid chemistry of vision.It should be remembered also that however stimulating one may find the exploration of visual substances and reactions, the ultimate problem toward which all of this must turn is how these processes lead to a nervous excitation, how they initiate the train of neural events that ends in seeing. This is the real task that lies ahead, and one can hope nothing better for this field than that the coming years wiII make progress with it.

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Section: Iodopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Iodopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biochemistry of Vision

Wald¹

1953

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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“…In species of lower vertebrates, some teleosts, anurans, urodeles and birds, retinal photoreceptors and pigment granules exhibit retinomotor movements in response to both light and endogenous circadian signals (cf Burnside and Nagle, 1983;Burnside and Dearry, 1986). Early reviews on the discovery and phylogenetic distribution of movements including, Garten (1907), Arey (1915), Parker (1932), Walls (1942), Detwiler (1943), andyon Studnitz (1952) are followed by more recent reviews concerned with the regulation of movements, Burnside (1976), Burnside and Laties (1979), Besharse (1982), and Burnside and Nagle (1983). Typically, for most animals maintained on a cyclic light/dark (LD) routine, in darkness at night, cone myoids elongate, rod myoids contract, and the screening melanin pigment granules of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) aggregate into the RPE cell body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian regulation of teleost retinal cone movements in vitro.

McCormack

McDonnell

1994

The Journal of General Physiology

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In the retinas of many species of lower vertebrates, retinal photoreceptors and pigment epithelium pigment granules undergo daily movements in response to both diurnal, and in the case of teleost cone photoreceptors, endogenous circadian signals. Typically, these cone movements take place at dawn and at dusk when teleosts are maintained on a cyclic light (LD) regime, and at expected dawn and expected dusk when animals are maintained in continuous darkness (DD). Because these movements are so strictly controlled, they provide an overt indicator of the stage of the underlying clock mechanism. In this study we report that both light-induced and circadian-driven cone myoid movements in the Midas cichlid (Cichlasoma citrinellum), occur normally in vitro. Many of the features of retinomotor movements found in vivo also occur in our culture conditions, including responses to light and circadian stimuli and dopamine. Circadian induced predawn contraction and maintenance of expected day position in response to circadian modulation, are also normal. Our studies suggest that circadian regulation of cone myoid movement in vitro is mediated locally by dopamine, acting via a D~ receptor. Cone myoid contraction can be induced at midnight and expected mid-day by dark culture with dopamine or the D 2 receptor agonist LY171555. Further, circadian induced predawn contraction can be increased with either dopamine or LY171555, or may be reversed with the dopamine Dz antagonist, sulpiride. Sulpiride will also induce cone myoid elongation in retinal cultures at expected mid-day, but will not induce cone myoid elongation at dusk. In contrast, circadian cone myoid movements in vitro were unaffected by the Dl receptor agonist SCH23390, or the Dl receptor antagonist SKF38393.Our short-term culture experiments indicate that circadian regulation of immediate cone myoid movement does not require humoral control but is regulated locally within the retina. The inclusion of dopamine, or dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists in our cultures, has indicated that retinal circadian regulation may be mediated by endogenously produced dopamine, which acts via a Dz mechanism.

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Zur medikamentösen Beeinflussung des Farbensinns

Studnitz¹,

Loevenich²

1946

Naturwissenschaften

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Zur Physiologie des Farbensehens

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

The Biochemistry of Vision

The Biochemistry of Vision

Circadian regulation of teleost retinal cone movements in vitro.

Zur medikamentösen Beeinflussung des Farbensinns

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