Zur Politischen Haltung Der Deutschen Professoren Im Ersten Weltkrieg

Schwabe, Klaus

doi:10.1524/hzhz.1961.193.jg.601

Cited by 9 publications

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“…cit., pp. 112-114. 92 K. Schwabe /1961 des Krieges und der Deutsche Krieg] na 450 strana, koju je objavio početkom 1915. ispreda odu ratu. Suprotno Kantovoj viziji "večnog mira" kao nade za budućnost čovečanstva, rat je za njega "prirodna pojava u svetu" i kao takav "čudo".…”

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Mobilization for the war in the Second Reich and 'Ideas from 1914'

Vukovic¹

2020

Crimen

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Apstrakt: U članku se analizira politička i društvena klima u nemačkom društvu u vreme izbijanja Velikog rata i reakcija na rat intelektualne elite. Rat se u svim interesnim grupama proglašava za odbrambeni zbog "opkoljavanja" Rajha od strane sila Antante i odbrane od "varvarskog istoka". Intelektualna elita listom podržava rat. Radi pravdanja i legitimisanja označava ga kao sukob ideala Francuske revolucije (sloboda, jednakost, bratstvo), nasuprot "Ideja iz 1914" (dužnost, red, pravda). "Ideje iz 1914" su, najkraće rečeno, utemeljene protiv engleskih "trgovačkih duša", francuske "galske površnosti" i "slovenskog despotizma". "Ideje iz 1914" izrodile su Apel civilizovanom svetu u kojem se nemački intelektualci solidarišu s nemačkom vojskom, poriču da je Nemačka izazvala rat, da je prekršila neutralnost Belgije i da je njena vojska izvršila zločine i kulturni varvarizam. Intelektualna elita je, pored političke elite, trgovinskih i industrijskih udruženja i mnogobrojni klubova, podržala politiku osvajačkih ratnih ciljeva i zagovaranje teritorijalne aneksije u korist Nemačke.

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Mobilization for the war in the Second Reich and 'Ideas from 1914'

Vukovic¹

2020

Crimen

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“…1 Упркос постојању знатних разлика у политичким уверењима, они су били јединствени у оданости монархији и династији Хоенцолерна као и у ставу да Немачка, као велика европска сила, треба да обезбеди своје "место под сунцем". Делећи идеје социјалног империјализма, милитаризма као и уверење о неизбежности скорог рата (unvermeidliche Krieg) које је у својим списима још 1912. образлагао генерал Фридрих фон Бернхарди (Антоловић 2014), немачки интелектуалци разликовали су се по питању да ли предност треба дати вођењу "светске политике", ширењу немачког утицаја на Балкан и Блиски исток, или пак изградњи "Средње Европе" (Mitteleuropa) под немачким вођством (Schwabe 1961, Bruch 1981, Bruch 1986.…”

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The Ideas of 1914 – German Intellectuals and the Legitimation of the German Reich's Policy at the Beginning of the First World War

Antolović

2016

EAP / IEA

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After the outbreak of the World War in august 1914, German intellectuals – university professors, writers, artists and publicists – gave an important contribution to the legitimation of the German Reich’s war aims. As a kind of ‘spiritual mobilization’ for the sake of the defense of the fatherland from the allied enemies, they engaged in intense publicity and propaganda activities whose goal was to show the responsibility of the opponent countries for the outbreak of the war as well as to prove that Germany was fighting a just war for its national survival. The ideological justification of the German war aims formulated in the so called ‘ideas of 1914’ rested on several motives. First, the French revolution and its entire political, social and conceptual inheritance were discarded. The revolutionary transformation of society, the theory of natural law, the liberal and democratic ideology and the parliamentary system consider to be inappropriate to ‘German national spirit’, German intellectuals argued for the superiority of gradual social reforms, conservative social and political order and authoritarian political system embodied in the Hohenzollern monarchy. At the same time, they rejected the modern class society marked by the predominance of the egoistic individual interests in favour of an allegedly harmonious ‘organic community’. Finally, they attributed some higher metaphysical meaning to the current war since it was conceived of as a battle for the preservation of the German culture understood as sublimation of highest spiritual achievements of the entire humanity, from the decadent materialistic civilization of Western Europe as well as ‘barbarian’ Russia. In that way, in the ‘ideas of 1914, German intellectuals expressed all elements about the peculiarities of German history (der deutsche Sonderweg) thus giving ideological legitimacy to the German Reich’s war endeavours and to its ‘grab for world power’.

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Which Belgium After the War? German Academics Dealing with the First World War and Its Aftermath

Warland

2018

The Great War in Belgium and the Netherlands

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Zur Politischen Haltung Der Deutschen Professoren Im Ersten Weltkrieg

Cited by 9 publications

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Mobilization for the war in the Second Reich and 'Ideas from 1914'

Mobilization for the war in the Second Reich and 'Ideas from 1914'

The Ideas of 1914 – German Intellectuals and the Legitimation of the German Reich's Policy at the Beginning of the First World War

Which Belgium After the War? German Academics Dealing with the First World War and Its Aftermath

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