Zur Quantentheorie der Streuung und Dispersion

Smekal, Adolf

doi:10.1007/bf01331666

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Although the low activation energy for caesium halides resembles the ' low-temperature ' values for the lithium, sodium and potassium halides (Tompkins & Jacobs 1952), it seems unlikely th a t the present results can be interpreted on the assumption that, with the caesium salts, the low-temperature region of conductance is prolonged to much nearer the melting-point. The low-temperature conductances of the other alkali halides are structure-sensitive (Smekal 1925) and depend on the previous history of the sample, whereas the present results on the caesium salts are very repro ducible. This is particularly noticeable in passing through the thermal transition in caesium chloride (cf.…”

Section: Comparison Between Caesium Salts and Other Alkali Halidescontrasting

confidence: 49%

Electrical conductance mechanisms in solid caesium halides

Harpur¹,

Moss²,

Ubbelohde³

1955

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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Electrical d.c. conductances of caesium halides as ordinarily obtained are found to be anomalous compared with the halides of the other alkali metals: (i) In the conventional relationship, log 10 σ = log 10 σ 0 – E / RT (conductance σ , temperature T ° K), the values both of σ 0 and of the activation energy E are abnormally low for all the caesium halides, compared with the other alkali halides. (ii) In the neighbourhood of the transition bcc → fcc in caesium chloride at 469° C, no rise of conductance is observed, contrary to what might be expected on structural grounds if the conductance is ionic and the lattice shows premonitory break-up on approaching the transition. E is much the same for both polymorphs, but σ 0 for the fcc lattice is about one-fiftieth that for the bcc lattice. (iii) Transport measurements show that much of the current flows through caesium chloride without an accompanying transport of matter. The simplest interpretation of all these anomalies is that an important part of the conductance of the caesium halides as ordinarily obtained is electronic, not ionic. Possible reasons are discussed.

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Section: Comparison Between Caesium Salts and Other Alkali Halidescontrasting

confidence: 49%

Electrical conductance mechanisms in solid caesium halides

Harpur¹,

Moss²,

Ubbelohde³

1955

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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“…Previously theorised by Smekal in 1923 [32], the Raman effect was discovered and experimentally demonstrated by Sir C. V. Raman in 1928 using simple optical materials and instrumental setup [33]. Raman spectroscopy is a specific optical readout platform which involves scattering of irradiated light following interaction with polarisable molecules under interrogation with a monochromatic laser source.…”

Section: Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering: a Brief Tutorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Disease Diagnosis: Biomedical Applications of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

et al. 2019

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently gained increasing attention for the detection of trace quantities of biomolecules due to its excellent molecular specificity, ultrasensitivity, and quantitative multiplex ability. Specific single or multiple biomarkers in complex biological environments generate strong and distinct SERS spectral signals when they are in the vicinity of optically active nanoparticles (NPs). When multivariate chemometrics are applied to decipher underlying biomarker patterns, SERS provides qualitative and quantitative information on the inherent biochemical composition and properties that may be indicative of healthy or diseased states. Moreover, SERS allows for differentiation among many closely-related causative agents of diseases exhibiting similar symptoms to guide early prescription of appropriate, targeted and individualised therapeutics. This review provides an overview of recent progress made by the application of SERS in the diagnosis of cancers, microbial and respiratory infections. It is envisaged that recent technology development will help realise full benefits of SERS to gain deeper insights into the pathological pathways for various diseases at the molecular level.

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“…Clearly, this observation ruled out any interpretations that were based on the assumption of non-equilibrium effects. In particular, a local ‘loosening’ of the lattice as suggested by von Hevesy in 1922 [39], for example at incidental pores or along internal cracks or grain boundaries as proposed by Smekal in 1925 [40, 41], could surely not explain the experimental results.…”

Section: The Concept Of Point Defects In Ionic Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension

Funke¹

2013

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

149

102

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Solid State Ionics has its roots essentially in Europe. First foundations were laid by Michael Faraday who discovered the solid electrolytes Ag2S and PbF2 and coined terms such as cation and anion, electrode and electrolyte. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the main lines of development toward Solid State Ionics, pursued in Europe, concerned the linear laws of transport, structural analysis, disorder and entropy and the electrochemical storage and conversion of energy. Fundamental contributions were then made by Walther Nernst, who derived the Nernst equation and detected ionic conduction in heterovalently doped zirconia, which he utilized in his Nernst lamp. Another big step forward was the discovery of the extraordinary properties of alpha silver iodide in 1914. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the concept of point defects was established by Yakov Il'ich Frenkel, Walter Schottky and Carl Wagner, including the development of point-defect thermodynamics by Schottky and Wagner. In terms of point defects, ionic (and electronic) transport in ionic crystals became easy to visualize. In an ‘evolving scheme of materials science’, point disorder precedes structural disorder, as displayed by the AgI-type solid electrolytes (and other ionic crystals), by ion-conducting glasses, polymer electrolytes and nano-composites. During the last few decades, much progress has been made in finding and investigating novel solid electrolytes and in using them for the preservation of our environment, in particular in advanced solid state battery systems, fuel cells and sensors. Since 1972, international conferences have been held in the field of Solid State Ionics, and the International Society for Solid State Ionics was founded at one of them, held at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, in 1987.

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Zur Quantentheorie der Streuung und Dispersion

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Electrical conductance mechanisms in solid caesium halides

Electrical conductance mechanisms in solid caesium halides

Enhancing Disease Diagnosis: Biomedical Applications of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension

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