Zur Rückstandsanalyse biozider Organozinn‐Verbindungen mit Hilfe der Inversvoltammetrie

Organotin compounds of the type R n SnX 4 _ n have a number of industrial applications and are therefore able to enter the environment through a variety of routes. The fate of these compounds in the environment is of obvious interest, and the possibility of their eventual degradation to a non-toxic inorganic tin species must increase their potential as acceptable chemicals. This review shows that there is evidence to suggests that organotin compounds, when used in an appropriate manner, are unlikely to create a serious long term pollution hazard.

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“…The U.V. breakdown of bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide has also been reported by Komora and Popl (27), and ffoggon and Jehle (28).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Tin-carbon Bond Cleavagementioning

confidence: 57%

The environmental degradation of organotin compounds — A review

Blunden

Chapman

1982

Environmental Technology Letters

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Analytical Methods for Speciation of Organotins in the Environment

Attar

1996

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

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The growing awareness over the environmental fate of organotin compounds is reflected in the large number of analytical methods developed for their separation. Organotin compounds have varying degrees of toxicological properties, depending on the nature and number of alkyl groups bonded to the tin atom. Most of the analytical speciation methods applied to actual environmental media have involved prior derivatization to transform organotin compounds into volatile hydrophobic analytes amenable to separation and identification by gas chromatography coupled to a sensitive and selective tin‐detector. Evidence exists that members of the same homologous series are related by environmental degradation pathways. Chemical treatment prior to analysis, or high temperatures associated with gas chromatography separation, may alter the relative amounts of organotins in samples and blur the true environment picture. To avoid species redistribution that may occur during derivatization or gas speciation analysis, methods based on liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography have been investigated. This review documents analytical methods for determination of tin and speciation of organotin compounds, in the hope that it will be of value to those interested in initiating a programme for assessing the impact of such species on the environment.

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Environmental aspects of tributyltin

Maguire

1987

Applied Organom Chemis

243

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The tributyltin species, the active ingredient in some antifouling paint formulations, is perhaps the most acutely toxic chemical to aquatic organisms ever deliberately introduced to water. It has been demonstrated to have an adverse effect on shellfish in France and England, and as a consequence the use of tributyltin‐containing antifouling paints has been restricted in these countries. Other countries have banned the use of tributyltin‐containing antifouling paints or are contemplating restrictions. This article reviews such environmental aspects of tributyltin as methods of analysis, toxicity, environmental occurrence, persistence and fate. Tributyltin concentrations in many locations may be high enough to cause chronic toxicity or harmful effects in some aquatic organisms, and in some locations the tributyltin concentrations may be high enough to be acutely toxic to some organisms. Biological degradation of tributyltin in water and sediment appears to be the most important factor limiting the persistence of tributyltin in aquatic environments. To some degree, then, the persistence of tributyltin in aquatic environments depends upon the nature of the ecosystem. Tributyltin exhibits low‐to‐medium persistence in water and moderate persistence in sediment. A summary is given of the regulatory status of tributyltin in some countries, and recommendations are made for further research.

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Zur Rückstandsanalyse biozider Organozinn‐Verbindungen mit Hilfe der Inversvoltammetrie

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

The environmental degradation of organotin compounds — A review

The environmental degradation of organotin compounds — A review

Analytical Methods for Speciation of Organotins in the Environment

Environmental aspects of tributyltin

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