Zur stammesgeschichtlichen Veränderung der Eutheria-Ontogenesen. Versuch einer Übersicht aufgrund vergleichend morphologischer Studien an Marsupialia und Eutheria. 4. Spezieller Teil

Müller, F

doi:10.5962/bhl.part.97168

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The developmental innovations in placental mammals include a relatively shorter time interval between birth and eyelid opening and, at 125 (89–161) days, a much longer gestation than in the last therian common ancestor (Fig. , see ratios in Table ) (Müller –1973; Lillegraven et al ; Smith ). The latter is four times as long as the therian value of 31 (20–41) days and the ancestral mammalian value of 34 (23–44) days and 83 days longer than the ancestral amniote incubation of 42 (31–53) days (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Müller (–1973) proposed an ancestral ontogeny (German: “Vorfahren‐Ontogenie,” abbr. “VF”) for all mammals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this point of development, the eye and also several internal organs are prepared to become functional at the forthcoming birth/hatching. The eyes are closed, presumably to allow for their smooth and slow transition from an aquatic intra‐uterine environment to an atmospheric one (Müller –1973). Eyes would get irritated and infected within minutes in terrestrial juveniles without functional eyelids and lacrimal glands.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of organogenesis and the origin of altriciality in mammals

Werneburg

Laurin

Koyabu

et al. 2016

Evolution and Development

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Mammals feature not only great phenotypic disparity, but also diverse growth and life history patterns, especially in maturity level at birth, ranging from altriciality to precocity. Gestation length, morphology at birth, and other markers of life history are fundamental to our understanding of mammalian evolution. Based on the first synthesis of embryological data and the study of new ontogenetic series, we reconstructed estimates of the ancestral chronology of organogenesis and life-history modes in placental mammals. We found that the ancestor of marsupial and placental mammals was placental-like at birth but had a long, marsupial-like infancy. We hypothesize that mammalian viviparity might have evolved in association with the extension of growth after birth, enabled through lactation, and that mammalian altriciality is inherited from the earliest amniotes. The precocial lifestyle of extant sauropsids and that of many placental mammals were acquired secondarily. We base our conclusions on the best estimates and provide a comprehensive discussion on the methods used and the limitations of our dataset. We provide the most comprehensive embryological dataset ever published, "rescue" old literature sources, and apply available methods and illustrate thus an approach on how to investigate comparatively organogenesis in macroevolution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Müller (–1973) proposed an ancestral ontogeny (German: “Vorfahren‐Ontogenie,” abbr. “VF”) for all mammals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of organogenesis and the origin of altriciality in mammals

Werneburg

Laurin

Koyabu

et al. 2016

Evolution and Development

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“…Placentals are characterized by a great extant diversity and include arboreal, fossorial, terrestrial, gliding, flying, diving, and permanently aquatic forms. All morphological adaptations are mirrored by the relative timing of related prenatal character development (Müller 1973). These changes in timing result in different relative sizes and degrees of differentiation in the adults (Werneburg et al 2015).…”

Section: Taxonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with non-amniote vertebrates, mammals and sauropsids experience a drastic environmental change from an aquatic milieu in the egg or the uterus to atmospheric conditions after delivery. Therefore, the eyelids are usually closed during fetal development to protect the incompletely developed eye at birth (for exceptions, see Müller 1972Müller -1973 Fig. 4.14 B-G).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

4. Mammalian embryology and organogenesis

Werneburg¹,

Spiekman²,

Zachos³

et al. 2018

Mammalian Evolution, Diversity and Systematics

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4.1 Historical introduction : The origin of the human being is one of the major philosophical questions. One way of answering it is through an ontogenetic and evolutionary approach. Theories about the developmental origin in the mother's womb were first documented by Greek scholars in the 5th century BC (Breidbach 2015). Being dependent on the success of reproduction, fertility has triggered human thinking for a much longer period of human evolution as is documented in the art of the Paleolithic, the Mesolithic, the Neolithic, and later phases of human cultural evolution (Fig. 4.1). Fertility was manifested by the representation of stout mother goddesses with a demonstrative focus on their hips and breasts (Fig. 4.1 C) and by the presentation of erect penises in men (Fig. 4.1 G). In some cases, the process of birth was depicted as a key event of life (Fig. 4.1 D). Birth, pregnancy, and lactation of other vertebrate species were also of interest to ancient cultures and were illustrated, particularly, among species that played an important role in everyday life, such as prey and domesticated, mostly mammalian, animals (Fig. 4.1 A and I). Fertility rites, including hierogamy (Fig. 4.1 H) and sodomy (Fig. 4.1 J), are thought to have played a major role in prehistoric cults and were meant to increase the number of offspring and to guarantee their health (Frazer 1922, Campbell 1960). These attempts to understand and to influence our own development culminated in the artificial representation of homunculi in the Renaissance age, in which a human was "created" by alchemists in a jar. The mental construct of a test-tube baby (Fig. 4.1 K) was a symbol for the development of the human mind itself, which alchemists tried to raise to a higher level of cognition (Gebelein 1996, Wiesing 2004). The historical representation of homunculi also corresponds to the ideas of preformationists in the 17th century that the human being is fully present as a miniature in the male's sperm and only has to unfold to progress through embryological development to a fully formed human (Fig. 4.1 F; Hartsoeker 1694). With the rise of evolutionary thinking (Bell et al. 2010), a broad scientific discourse about the unique anatomy and development of mammalian species emerged. Mammalian embryology received particular attention in comparative anatomy and physiology because of its relevance in understanding our own biological history (Haeckel 1874,1877, Keibel 1906). Recent scientific approaches try to manipulate the early embryology of mammals, including man, to prevent diseases (Gilbert 2006) or to select for particular forms through domestication (Clutton-Brock 1999). Experimental biological studies mainly focus on model organisms that are easy to breed, have a large number of offspring, and have short reproductive cycles. For placental embryology, the house mouse Mus musculus is most often used (

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Evolution of placental specializations in viviparous African and South American lizards

Flemming

Blackburn

2003

J. Exp. Zool.

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Phylogenetic information offers an important resource in analyses of reproductive diversity, including interpretations of fetal membrane evolution. In this paper, we draw upon ongoing studies of South American and African lizards to consider the value of combining phylogenetic and reproductive evidence in the construction of evolutionary interpretations. South American lizards of the genus Mabuya exhibit several reproductive specializations that are convergent on those of eutherian mammals, including viviparity, long gestation periods, ovulation of tiny eggs, and placental supply of the nutrients for development. Studies of placental morphology and development indicate that New World Mabuya share several other derived features, including chorionic areolae and a "Type IV" epitheliochorial placenta with a villous, mesometrial placentome. Some characteristics of these lizards are shared by two African skinks, M. ivensii and Eumecia anchietae, including minuscule eggs, placentotrophy, an absorptive chorioallantois, and features of the yolk sac. Available evidence is consistent with two explanations: (1) placentotrophy originated in Africa, predating a trans-Atlantic colonization by Mabuya of the New World; and (2) placentotrophy arose two or three separate times among these closely related skinks. As illustrated by analysis of these animals, not only can data on fetal membrane morphology yield phylogenetic information, but phylogenetic evidence in turn provides a valuable way to reconstruct the evolution of fetal membranes in a biogeographic context. When appropriately interpreted, morphological and phylogenetic evidence can be combined to yield robust evolutionary conclusions that avoid the pitfalls of circular reasoning.

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Zur stammesgeschichtlichen Veränderung der Eutheria-Ontogenesen. Versuch einer Übersicht aufgrund vergleichend morphologischer Studien an Marsupialia und Eutheria. 4. Spezieller Teil

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Evolution of organogenesis and the origin of altriciality in mammals

Evolution of organogenesis and the origin of altriciality in mammals

4. Mammalian embryology and organogenesis

Evolution of placental specializations in viviparous African and South American lizards

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