Zur Ursache Der Abortion Von Samenanlagen In Diploid-Polyploid-Kreuzungen

Wangenheim, K.H. von

doi:10.1007/bf00888790

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The balance of 2M:1P genome copies in the endosperm is crucial for reproductive success. Deviation from this ratio in response to hybridizations of plants that differ in ploidy frequently leads to unviable seeds, a phenomenon referred to as triploid block (von Wangenheim 1962;Scott et al 1998;Leblanc et al 2002;Stoute et al 2012;Sekine et al 2013). Importantly, interploidy hybridizations affect endosperm cellularization: Although maternal excess crosses (4x × 2x; by convention the maternal parent is always mentioned first) shift the cellularization to earlier timepoints, paternal-excess hybridization (2x × 4x) causes a delay or complete failure of endosperm cellularization (Scott et al 1998;Lafon-Placette and Köhler 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Auxin regulates endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis

et al. 2019

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The endosperm is an ephemeral tissue that nourishes the developing embryo, similar to the placenta in mammals. In most angiosperms, endosperm development starts as a syncytium, in which nuclear divisions are not followed by cytokinesis. The timing of endosperm cellularization largely varies between species, and the event triggering this transition remains unknown. Here we show that increased auxin biosynthesis in the endosperm prevents its cellularization, leading to seed arrest. Auxin-overproducing seeds phenocopy paternal-excess triploid seeds derived from hybridizations of diploid maternal plants with tetraploid fathers. Concurrently, auxin-related genes are strongly overexpressed in triploid seeds, correlating with increased auxin activity. Reducing auxin biosynthesis and signaling reestablishes endosperm cellularization in triploid seeds and restores their viability, highlighting a causal role of increased auxin in preventing endosperm cellularization. We propose that auxin determines the time of endosperm cellularization, and thereby uncovered a central role of auxin in establishing hybridization barriers in plants.

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confidence: 99%

Auxin regulates endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis

et al. 2019

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“…Main hypotheses are as follows: 1) variation of genomes in embryo: endosperm: maternal tissues from the normal 2: 3:2 ratio (Muntzing 1930(Muntzing , 1933, or its modifications (Watkins 1927, 1932, Katayama 1933, Boyes and Thompson 1937; 2) variation in genetic ' strength' or genetic value in different species (Howard 1939, 1947, Stephens 1942, Valentine 1956, Valentine and Woodell 1963; 3) somatoplastic sterility (Brink andCooper 1939, 1940); 4) an inharmonious interaction between male and female gametes at double fertilization (Kihara and Nishiyama 1932); 5) disturbed ratios between the amount of cytoplasm (extrachromosomalen Bestandteil) and the number of chromosome sets in the endosperm (Wangenheim 1962(Wangenheim , 1967. However, none of these hypotheses explains all the observed cases of seed failure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Causal relationships between the polar nuclei in double fertilization and interspecific cross-incompatibility in Avena.

Nishiyama

Yabuno

1978

CYTOLOGIA

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“…However, it is noteworthy that the diploid Raphanus-Brassica hybrids produced tetraploid offspring from pollination among themselves, and triploid offspring when planted with (diploid) Raphanus sativus but not when planted with (diploid) Brassica oleracea. This asymmetric mating might possibly be an example of the triploid-block effect that is known in many flowering-plant families to destroy triploid embryos, particularly autotriploids (Brink and Cooper 1947a, b;Katsiosis et al 1995;Kermicle and Alleman 1990;Kihara and Nishiyama 1932;Lin 1984;Müntzing 1933;von Wangenheim 1961). Rutishauser (1967) noted incompatibilities in pseudogamous apomictic Ranunculus consistent with a triploid-block effect.…”

Section: Evolutionary Modelsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…3). Many, and perhaps most, sexual angiosperms require this 2:1 ratio (Brink and Cooper 1947a, b;Katsiosis et al 1995;Kermicle and Alleman 1990;Lin 1984;Vinkenoog and Scott 2001;Vinkenoog et al 2003;von Wangenheim 1961), which relates to the triploid-block effect (above). Centrogamous apomicts (discussed above) require fertilization of the central cell to form the endosperm, as in sexual reproduction (Nogler 1984).…”

Section: Rosoideaementioning

confidence: 96%

Evolution of gametophytic apomixis in flowering plants: an alternative model from Maloid Rosaceae

Talent

2009

Theory Biosci.

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Gametophytic apomixis, asexual reproduction involving megagametophytes, occurs in many flowering-plant families and as several variant mechanisms. Developmental destabilization of sexual reproduction as a result of hybridization and/or polyploidy appears to be a general trigger for its evolution, but the evidence is complicated by ploidy-level changes and hybridization occurring with facultative apomixis. The repeated origins of polyploid apomictic complexes in the palaeopolyploid Maloid Rosaceae suggest a new model of evolutionary transitions that may have wider applicability. Two conjectures are fundamental to this model: (1) that as previously suggested by Rutishauser, like many sexual flowering plants the polyploid apomicts require maternal-paternal balance in the second fertilization event that gives rise to the endosperm, and (2) that the observed variation in endosperm ploidy levels relates less to flexibility late in development than to the known variation in developmental origin of the megagametophyte between mechanisms loosely categorized as diplospory and apospory. The model suggests explanations for the relative frequencies of apospory and diplospory, and for the wide but incomplete associations of apospory with a pollination requirement (pseudogamy) and of diplospory with autonomous development of the endosperm. It is suggested that pollination from other taxa may provide some adaptive advantage to pseudogamous apospory.

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Zur Ursache Der Abortion Von Samenanlagen In Diploid-Polyploid-Kreuzungen

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Auxin regulates endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis

Auxin regulates endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis

Causal relationships between the polar nuclei in double fertilization and interspecific cross-incompatibility in Avena.

Evolution of gametophytic apomixis in flowering plants: an alternative model from Maloid Rosaceae

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