α 2-Macroglobulin and fibrinogen modulate inflammatory edema in man

Gool, J. van; Vugt, H. van; Bont, Esjm de

doi:10.1007/bf00915812

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…They also showed that values during the steady state in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were lower than in controls (49), again suggesting that a 2 M being removed from the circulation in these inflammatory processes seems similar. From a different point of view, one group has shown that a 2 M levels correlate inversely with the amount of tissue swelling after immunization for infectious diseases (50). The higher the levels of a 2 M, the less local edema, in effect suggesting that the antiproteolytic effect of a 2 M reduces local edema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference distributions for alpha₂‐macroglobulin: A practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort

Ritchie

Palomaki

Neveux

et al. 2004

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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In this 11th article in a series, reference values of serum levels alpha(2)-macroglobulin alpha(2)M) are examined. The study is based on a cohort of 40,420 Caucasian individuals from northern New England that were tested in our laboratory between 1994 and 2000. Measurements were standardized against Certified Reference Material (CRM 470)/Reference Preparation for Proteins in Human Serum (RPPHS) and the results analyzed using a previously described statistical approach. Individuals with unequivocal laboratory evidence of inflammation (C-reactive protein >10 mg/L) were excluded in one leg of the study and included in the other, confirming that alpha(2)M does not respond to acute phase drive in man. Nephrotic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and chronic liver disease have significant effect on levels of alpha(2)M. Dramatic changes occur during life with males higher from birth to age 12, females thereafter have higher values until the ninth decade. When values were expressed as multiples of the age- and gender-specific median levels, the resulting distributions fitted a log-Gaussian distribution well over a broad range. When patient data are normalized in this manner, the distribution parameters can be used to assign a centile corresponding to an individual's measurement thus simplifying interpretation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference distributions for alpha₂‐macroglobulin: A practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort

Ritchie

Palomaki

Neveux

et al. 2004

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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show abstract

“…There are many reports describing the effects of clusterin, haptoglobin and α 2 M on the immune system (59,(176)(177)(178)(179)(180). Some of these, such as the ability of α 2 M to enhance antigen presentation (91) and haptoglobin-facilitated clearance of hemoglobin (180), clearly fall outside of the scope of this review and as such, will not be discussed here.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Ecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Chaperones and Proteostasis

Wyatt

Yerbury

Ecroyd

et al. 2013

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

161

173

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There is a family of currently untreatable serious human diseases that arise from the inappropriate misfolding and aggregation of extracellular proteins. At present our understanding of mechanisms that operate to maintain proteostasis in extracellular body fluids is limited but has significantly advanced with the discovery of a small but growing family of constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones (ECs). The available evidence strongly suggests that these chaperones act as both sensors and disposal-mediators of misfolded proteins in extracellular fluids, thereby normally protecting us from disease pathologies. It is critically important to further increase our understanding of the mechanisms that operate to effect extracellular proteostasis, as this will be essential knowledge upon which to base the development of effective therapies for some of the world's most debilitating, costly and intractable diseases.

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Cardiac Isoform of Alpha 2 Macroglobulin: A Marker of Cardiac Involvement in Pediatric HIV and AIDS

Meenakshisundaram

Shah

Thirumalaikolundusubramanian³

2009

Pediatr Cardiol

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Cardiac involvement in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is known but less often considered. Our objectives were to determine cardiac manifestations in pediatric HIV/AIDS and estimate the cardiac isoform of alpha-2 macroglobulin [CA2M] among them. We recruited 67 pediatric HIV/AIDS patients, 37 with cardiac involvement (group A) and 30 without (group B); 30 cardiac patients without HIV infection (group C); and 30 healthy control subjects without any comorbid illness (group D). Their sociodemographic and clinical information were collected along with echocardiogram and blood for CA2M. Patterns of cardiac involvement in HIV/AIDS (group A) were pericardial effusion, left ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiomyopathy and observed in 43, 30, 16, and 11% of subjects, respectively. CA2M levels among groups A, B, C, and D were 132.67 +/- 5.01, 41.25 +/- 3.33, 65.99 +/- 2.48 and 29.59 +/- 2.76 microgm/ml, respectively. It was elevated significantly in group A (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] 87.27-95.55) compared with group B and was independent of sex and CD4 count among HIV/AIDS subjects. Although CA2M was elevated in HIV-negative patients with cardiac involvement, it was much less than in HIV/AIDS subjects with cardiac involvement (P = 0.001; 95% CI 62.54-70.82). Because CA2M is a cardiac biomarker, further research with larger population is needed to ascertain the role of CA2M as a diagnostic/therapeutic/prognostic marker in cardiac patients with and without HIV infection.

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α 2-Macroglobulin and fibrinogen modulate inflammatory edema in man

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Reference distributions for alpha₂‐macroglobulin: A practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort

Reference distributions for alpha₂‐macroglobulin: A practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort

Extracellular Chaperones and Proteostasis

Cardiac Isoform of Alpha 2 Macroglobulin: A Marker of Cardiac Involvement in Pediatric HIV and AIDS

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α 2-Macroglobulin and fibrinogen modulate inflammatory edema in man

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Reference distributions for alpha2‐macroglobulin: A practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort

Reference distributions for alpha2‐macroglobulin: A practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort

Extracellular Chaperones and Proteostasis

Cardiac Isoform of Alpha 2 Macroglobulin: A Marker of Cardiac Involvement in Pediatric HIV and AIDS

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Product

Resources

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Reference distributions for alpha₂‐macroglobulin: A practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort

Reference distributions for alpha₂‐macroglobulin: A practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort