The aerial parts of Salvia cinnabarina afforded two undescribed labdane diterpenoids 1 and 2 (malonylcommunol and 6β-hydroxy-trans-communic acid) along with two known labdane diterpenoids, trans-communic acid (3) and trans-communol (4). Additionally, seven known metabolites were also isolated; two isopimarane diterpenoids 5 and 6, two sesquiterpenoids identified as β-eudesmol (7) and cryptomeridiol (8), and three aromatic compounds identified as phthalic acid (9), a mixture of tyrosol fatty acid esters (10) and the flavone salvigenine (11). While compounds compounds 1-3 showed significant inhibition of yeast α-glucosidase, compounds 2, 3 and 7 had no anti-inflammatory activity in the edema model induced by TPA. This paper is not only the first report on a wild population of Salvia cinnabarina, but also of the presence of labdane-type diterpenoids in a Mexican Salvia sp.Molecules 2020, 25, 1808 2 of 17 spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis [7,8]. Compound 12 has been tested in several in vitro and in vivo models and exhibits a wide array of biological activities, such as antispasmodic in the isolated guinea-pig ileum model, inhibition of urinary bladder contractility in rats [9] and intestinal motility in mice [10]. Hypotensive activity in a rat model [11], along with anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects in the elevated plus-maze and the forced swimming tests in mice have also been described [12]. Compound 12 showed antimutagenic activity in the Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli [13] and also had an anticlastogenic effect in human lymphocytes of its sodium salt [14]. It should be noted that, up to now, all the studies on S. cinnabarina, have been carried out solely on cultivated material from different Botanical Gardens.Continuing with our systematic study of the genus Salvia in Mexico, and ongoing investigation for biological activity diterpenes of chemosystematic importance [15], we report herein the first study on a wild population of S. cinnabarina collected in the State of Puebla (Mexico). Several diterpenoids of the labdane (1-4) and isopimarane (5-6) skeletons were isolated, as well as two eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids (7-8), phtalic acid (9), tyrosol derivatives (10) and the flavone salvigenin (11). Compounds 1-2 proved to be undescribed labdane-type diterpenoids related to trans-communic acid (3) and trans-communol (4), also isolated from this plant, and their structures were established as malonylcommunol (1) and 6β-hydroxy-trans-communic acid (2). While compounds 1-3 showed significant inhibition of yeast α-glucosidase, compounds 2,3 and 7 showed no anti-inflammatory activity in the edema model induced by TPA.
Results and DiscussionThe aerial parts of Salvia cinnabarina afforded 11 compounds (Figure 1) after extensive chromatographic separation and purification.Molecules 2020, 25, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 17