α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an anti-inflammatory agent in inflammatory bowel disease

Reifen, Ram; Karlinsky, Anna; Stark, Aliza H.; Berkovich, Zipi; Nyska, Abraham

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.006

Cited by 85 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…ALA is not produced by the human host and has be consumed as part of the host diet. This omega fatty acid is known to reduce the inflammatory response by reducing NF-κB activation and oxidative stress, and ALA supplementation was shown to reduce colitis severity (54). As this process is increased in the disease state, it can be reasoned that the microbes are metabolizing ALA and competing with the host, therefore depleting a potential antiinflammatory source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole-3-carbinol prevents colitis and associated microbial dysbiosis in an IL-22–dependent manner

Busbee¹,

Menzel²,

Alrafas³

et al. 2020

JCI Insight

102

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole-3-carbinol prevents colitis and associated microbial dysbiosis in an IL-22–dependent manner

Busbee¹,

Menzel²,

Alrafas³

et al. 2020

JCI Insight

102

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“…Walnuts have a high content (3.68 mmol/oz) of antioxidants, including flavonoids, phenolic acid (ellagic acid), melatonin, folate, gamma tocopherol (vitamin E), selenium, juglone, and proanthocyanidins [19][20][21][22][23]. In addition, walnuts contain a high amount of n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-based omega-3 fatty acid that has a highly potent anti-inflammatory effect [23][24][25][26]. Walnuts also provide protein (4 g/oz), fiber (2 g/oz), phosphorus (10% daily value), and magnesium (11% daily value).…”

Section: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Components Of Walnuts: Cummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most nuts contain monounsaturated fats, only walnuts have mainly polyunsaturated fat (13 g of 18 g total fat per 1 oz walnuts), of which the ALA amount is 2.5 g. ALA is the precursor for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are known to have anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have shown that ALA inhibits inflammation by downregulating iNOS (thus inhibiting NO production), COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Components Of Walnuts: Cummentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health

Chauhan

2020

Nutrients

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Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have important roles in the aging process, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other brain disorders. Amyloid beta protein (Aβ) is the main component of amyloid plaques in the brains of people with AD. Several studies suggest that Aβ increases the generation of free radicals in neurons, which leads to oxidative damage and cell death. Aβ can also induce neuroinflammation by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Walnuts contain several components that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Animal and human studies from our and other groups suggest that supplementation with walnuts in the diet may improve cognition and reduce the risk and/or progression of MCI and AD. In the transgenic AD mouse model (AD-tg), we have reported the beneficial effects of a diet with walnuts on memory, learning, motor coordination, anxiety, and locomotor activity. Human clinical trials have also suggested an association of walnut consumption with better cognitive performance and improvement in memory when compared to baseline in adults. Our recent study in AD-tg mice has shown that a walnut-enriched diet significantly improves antioxidant defense and decreases free radicals’ levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation when compared to a control diet without walnuts. These findings suggest that a diet with walnuts can reduce oxidative stress by decreasing the generation of free radicals and by boosting antioxidant defense, thus resulting in decreased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. An in vitro study with synthetic Aβ showed that walnut extract can inhibit Aβ fibrillization and solubilize the preformed Aβ fibrils, suggesting an anti-amyloidogenic property of walnuts. Because it takes many years for cognitive impairment and dementia to develop, we suggest that early and long-term dietary supplementation with walnuts may help to maintain cognitive functions and may reduce the risk of developing, or delay the onset and/or slow the progression of, MCI and dementia by decreasing Aβ fibrillization, reducing oxidative damage, increasing antioxidant defense, and decreasing neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several animal and human studies have suggested that walnuts may also decrease the risk or progression of other brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and depression, as well as of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Together, these reports suggest the benefits of a walnut-enriched diet in brain disorders and in other chronic diseases, due to the additive or synergistic effects of walnut components for protection against oxidative stress and inflammation in these diseases.

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“…Linoleic acid is considered the most important of all omega-6 fatty acids, because it can be obtained with other acids of this group such as α-linolenic acid or γ-linoleic acid [33]. Linoleic acid can act as an antiiflammatory agent [27]. It can also show antiasthmatic activity [31].…”

Section: Fatty Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fatty acid and determination of total protein and phytochemical content of Cassia sophera Linn leaf, stem, flower, and seed

Aziz

Mitu

2019

Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci

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Background: Cassia sophera Linn is a medicinally important plant belonging to the family of Caesalpiniaceae. The whole part of the plant is used as traditional folk medicine and is reported to possess analgesic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antiasthmatic activity. The present communication attempt is to evaluate fatty acids from different parts of the plant by GC-MS spectrophotometer and total protein content by the Kjeldahl method and to quantify some active constituents, i.e., alkaloid, saponin, and flavonoid. Results: From fatty acid compositions of the petroleum ether extract of leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds of this plant grown in Bangladesh, 22 compounds from leaves, 8 compounds from stems, 9 compounds from flowers, and 12 compounds from seeds were identified. The main fatty acid was arachidic acid (38.66%) from leaves. Linoleic acid (40.12% and 42.40%) was found mainly from stems and seeds, whereas from flowers, it was docosadienoic acid (27.14%). Conclusion: The findings from the present study showed that the protein content for seeds has higher value (19.20%) than other parts of the plant. Also the present investigation showed that different parts of the plant contain phytochemicals in appreciable quantities in the form of flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The flavonoid and alkaloid content of leaves showed higher value. But the stem part showed higher saponin content than other parts of the plant.

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α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an anti-inflammatory agent in inflammatory bowel disease

Cited by 85 publications

References 54 publications

Indole-3-carbinol prevents colitis and associated microbial dysbiosis in an IL-22–dependent manner

Indole-3-carbinol prevents colitis and associated microbial dysbiosis in an IL-22–dependent manner

Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health

Analysis of fatty acid and determination of total protein and phytochemical content of Cassia sophera Linn leaf, stem, flower, and seed

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