α‐MnO₂ Nanowires: A Catalyst for the O₂ Electrode in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Abstract

Eine höhere Kapazität von Lithiumbatterien lässt sich mithilfe von α‐MnO2‐Nanodrähten als Katalysator in einer porösen Sauerstoff‐Kompositkathode erreichen. Im rasterelektronenmikroskopischen Bild einer positiven Kompositelektrode sind Li2O2‐Ablagerungen, die sich während des Entladevorgangs bilden, in einer porösen Matrix aus α‐MnO2 und Kohlenstoff erkennbar.

Hierarchical urchin-shaped α-MnO2 on graphene-coated carbon microfibers: a binder-free electrode for rechargeable aqueous Na–air battery

“…1,2 An efficient electrocatalyst should be bifunctional and robust in nature. A bifunctional electrocatalyst catalyzes both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during the battery discharge-charge process.…”

“…3 Although noble metals such as Pt, Pd, Ru, Au and Ag display good catalytic activity towards the ORR and OER, their low abundance and high cost impede their scalability for practical applications. [4][5][6] In recent years, economically favorable transition metal oxide catalysts (such as MnO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , Fe 3 O 4 and their composites) 1,[6][7][8][9][10] and carbon-based materials (such as carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes) 3,[11][12][13] have attracted great attention as electrocatalysts for metal-air batteries. Among the transition metal oxides, MnO 2 has drawn particular attention as an electrocatalyst owing to its low cost, high abundance and excellent ORR and OER catalytic activities in alkaline media.…”

Practical Challenges Associated with Catalyst Development for the Commercialization of Li-air Batteries

“…The nano-sized catalyst's role in reducing discharge/charge overpotentials has been widely researched [107][108][109][110][111] (see also Table 4). It is based on very straightforward and intuitive reasoning that the specific catalyst activity increases as the surface area per gram of the catalyst increases, i.e., the smaller the size of the catalyst particle the greater the catalyst activity.…”

A novel Co(phen)2/C catalyst for the oxygen electrode in rechargeable lithium air batteries

“…Much fundamental research is required before it can be considered for further technological applications. There are impressive challenges on the development of electrolyte systems and air cathodes [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].As the specific capacity of rechargeable lithium air batteries is limited by the air cathode, the nature of the catalyst is important for fabricating higher capacity lithium air batteries [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Transition-metal macrocycles such as phthalocyanine, porphyrin, and their derivatives have emerged as some of the most promising non-noble oxygen reduction reaction catalysts (MN x -based catalysts) [31][32][33].…”

“…As the specific capacity of rechargeable lithium air batteries is limited by the air cathode, the nature of the catalyst is important for fabricating higher capacity lithium air batteries [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Transition-metal macrocycles such as phthalocyanine, porphyrin, and their derivatives have emerged as some of the most promising non-noble oxygen reduction reaction catalysts (MN x -based catalysts) [31][32][33].…”