Αντιμετώπιση των ριζόκομβων νηματωδών (Meloidogyne incognita) σε θερμοκηπιακές καλλιέργειες με φυσικά προϊόντα και μελέτη της χημικής σύστασης αυτών

Abstract

Ten botanical species have been studied for their nematicidal activity against the rootknot nematode M. incognita. The chemical composition of the extracts used, for the nematodes control, was determined as well.Lamiaceae: the essential oils of eight greek aromatic plants were extracted and studied, namely: Melissa officinalis, Sideritis clandestina, Origanum dictamnus, Ocimum basilicum, Mentha pulegium, Origanum vulgare, Vitex agnus castus and Salvia officinalis. Strongly nematicidal were found: Origanum vulgare, Origanum dictamnus, Mentha pulegium and Melissa officinalis. The EC 50/96h values were calculated at 1.5, 1.7, 3.1 and 6.1 μl ml -1 respectively. The strong activity was attributed to the high contents of carvacrol according to GC-MS analysis. Carvacrol together with two other monoterpenes, namely carvon and geraniol, provoked 100 % paralysis when tested alone at concentrations of 0.5 μl ml -1 . On the contrary 1,8 cineol and limonene tested alone did not exhibit high nematicidal activity.Meliaceae: two species were studied namely: Azadirachta indica & Melia azedarach.The formulated nematicide AzaNema® 1% EC as well as the technical grade azadirachtin 11.8 % (commercial extract of A. indica) were used. The registered formulated product's dose 6 l ha -1 was initially expressed as 0.2 μg a.i ml -1 and 0.03