β-(1,3)-Glucan Exposure Assessment by Passive Airborne Dust Sampling and New Sensitive Immunoassays

Noss, Ilka; Wouters, Inge M.; Bezemer, Gillina; Metwali, Nervana; Sander, I.; Raulf‐Heimsoth, Monika; Heederik, Dick; Thorne, Peter S.; Doekes, Gert

doi:10.1128/aem.01486-09

Cited by 32 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Preparation of stock solutions has been described previously [21]. Structures were confirmed by proton NMR spectra produced and evaluated by Dr. D.W. Lowman (AppRidge International, LLC, Jonesborough, Tenn., USA) and Dr. J.P. Kamerling (Bio-Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently found that rabbit and mouse antibodies raised against nonbranched β-(1,3)-glucan showed large variation in their reactivity with glucans containing variable amounts of other linkage types additional to β-(1,3)-linkages [21]. This highly variable reactivity of rabbit and mouse antibodies to differently structured β-glucans, and the results of Chiani et al [20], suggest that different antibody reactivity patterns to the various β-glucans may also be encountered in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IgG to Various Beta-Glucans in a Human Adult Population

Noss¹,

Wouters²,

Smit³

et al. 2011

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Fungal β-(1,3)-glucans are pro-inflammatory agents, and exposures to β-(1,3)-glucans are associated with respiratory tract symptoms. IgG anti-(1,3)-glucan titers are measured in diagnosis of fungal infections. Although other β-glucan structures exist, like β-(1,6)-glucans, little is known about their antigenic or pro-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate IgG titers and specificities in human sera against different β-glucans with varying structures. Methods: IgG anti-β-glucan was measured by enzyme immunoassay in a random sample of 40 sera from healthy adults, with a panel of 8 differently structured glucans. In a subsequent larger series, IgG anti-β-(1,6)-glucan was measured in a random sample of 667 sera from three occupational populations with different organic dust exposures. Possible determinants of IgG anti-β-(1,6)-glucan titers were explored with linear-regression analysis. Results: We found wide variation in anti-β-glucan IgG levels. The highest titers were found for pure β-(1,6)-glucan pustulan. Moderate to strong reactions with other β-(1,6)-containing structures appeared to be due to cross-reacting anti-β-(1,6)-glucan antibodies. Surprisingly, the mean IgG anti-β-(1,6)-glucan titer was significantly lower in agricultural workers – with highest organic dust exposure – than in spray painters and bakery workers. Smoking status was associated with lower IgG anti-β-(1,6)-glucan titers in all populations. Conclusions: IgG to β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-glucans can be found in normal human sera. β-(1,6)-glucans appear to be much more potent antigens. The health impact of high anti-β-(1,6)-glucan antibody levels remains unclear and further investigations are needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG to Various Beta-Glucans in a Human Adult Population

Noss¹,

Wouters²,

Smit³

et al. 2011

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Mould constituents such as beta-1,3-glucan (57,(73)(74)(75), ergosterol (74), and extracellular polysaccharides from Aspergillus and Penicillium (EPS-Asp/Pen) (75) have been used as general markers of fungal biomass. They have been used for exposure assessment to moulds in low-exposure environments and in damp buildings (73)(74)(75)(76).…”

Section: Other Indicators Of Indoor Mouldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have been used for exposure assessment to moulds in low-exposure environments and in damp buildings (73)(74)(75)(76). In contrast to specifi c allergens, these indicators do not identify a specifi c mould.…”

Section: Other Indicators Of Indoor Mouldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, inhalation of beta-1,3-glucan from indoor moulds could be associated with non-allergic respiratory symptoms (98). However, Noss et al (73) suggested that glucan exposure in early childhood can protect against the development of allergy (73). As potent immunological activators, beta-glucans have been recognised to possess a potential to act against several diseases (cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases) and to help patients to recover from chemotherapy and radiotherapy (99).…”

Section: Other Heath Effects Of Inhaled Indoor Mouldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor Exposure to Mould Allergens

Prester

2011

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Indoor Exposure to Mould AllergensHumid indoor environments may be colonised by allergenic filamentous microfungi (moulds),Aspergillusspp.,Penicilliumspp.,Cladosporiumspp., andAlternariaspp. in particular. Mould-induced respiratory diseases are a worldwide problem. In the last two decades, mould allergens and glucans have been used as markers of indoor exposure to moulds. Recently, mould allergens Alt a 1 (Alternaria alternata) and Asp f 1 (Aspergillus fumigatus) have been analysed in various environments (residential and occupational) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, which use monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Household Alt a 1 and Asp f 1 levels were usually under the limit of the method detection. By contrast, higher levels of mould allergens were found in environments with high levels of bioaerosols such as poultry farms and sawmills. Data on allergen Alt a 1 and Asp f 1 levels in agricultural settings may provide information on possible colonisation of respective moulds and point out to mould-related diseases in occupants.

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Endotoxins, Glucans and Other Microbial Cell Wall Agents

Basinas

Elholm

Wouters

2017

Exposure to Microbiological Agents in Indoor and Occupational Environments

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During the last decades an increasing interest in microbial cell wall agents has been established, since exposure to these agents has been linked to a wide range of adverse and beneficial health effects. The term microbial cell wall agents refers to a group of molecules of different composition that are integral structural components of microorganisms like gram-negative and gram positive bacteria and fungi. The available information on exposure characteristics for these cell wall agents within indoor environments and their associated health effects is summarized in this chapter.Large variation in exposure levels of microbial cell wall agents in indoor occupational environments is documented, whereas actual airborne levels of exposures and determinants of residential indoor air are lacking. Standardisation of methods for determination is highly recommended for future studies.Endotoxins, cell wall agents of gram-negative bacteria, are well studied and involved in the development of adverse and protective health effects, but for cell wall agents of fungi, like glucans the evidence is more limited and inconclusive. For other microbial cell wall agents, like muramic acid, EPS and ergosterol, studies have been sparse and very diverse in their design and applied methods.Future recommendations include studies in large populations with a longitudinal design involving both exposure assessment and health effects assessment of I. Basinas (✉)

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β-(1,3)-Glucan Exposure Assessment by Passive Airborne Dust Sampling and New Sensitive Immunoassays

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

IgG to Various Beta-Glucans in a Human Adult Population

IgG to Various Beta-Glucans in a Human Adult Population

Indoor Exposure to Mould Allergens

Endotoxins, Glucans and Other Microbial Cell Wall Agents

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