β-1,3-glucan modifying enzymes in Aspergillus fumigatus

Mouyna, Isabelle; Hartl, Lukas; Latgé, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00081

Cited by 114 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Since the cell wall polysaccharide core is common to all fungi, we hypothesize that all GPI-anchored proteins common to all fungi would have a role in remodelling the cell wall. An in silico analysis of the sequenced fungal genomes showed that only 4 GPI families (GEL1-7, ECM33, CRH1-5, DFG1-7 in A. fumigatus) are common to all fungi and indeed all these families have a role in cell wall biosynthesis [9]. This is only the tip of the cell wall 'iceberg' that has been explored and a lot in the PS biosynthesis remains a mystery, for example, the equilibrium between synthetic and hydrolytic events and the increase in the osmotic pressure responsible for the plasticization of the cell wall required during mould morphogenesis events such as conidial germination and hyphal branching is still a matter of debate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional duality of the cell wall

Latgé¹,

Beauvais²

2014

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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121

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional duality of the cell wall

Latgé¹,

Beauvais²

2014

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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121

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“…During the development of fruiting bodies, basidiomycetes produce some hydrolytic enzymes associated with these polysaccharides in cell walls. These fungal glycoside hydrolases act on cell wall components and are considered to be responsible for cell wall extension (Kamada et al, 1991;Lim & Choi, 2009;Muraguchi et al, 2008;Tao et al, 2013), cell wall remodelling (Bowman & Free, 2006;Cabib & Arroyo, 2013;Gastebois et al, 2009;Mouyna et al, 2013) and fruiting body autolysis (Fukuda et al, 2008;Kües, 2000;Minato et al, 2004;Sakamoto et al, 2012;Tao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification, characterization and synergism in autolysis of a group of 1,3-β-glucan hydrolases from the pilei of Coprinopsis cinerea fruiting bodies

et al. 2015

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Using a combined chromatography method, we simultaneously purified three protein fractions (II-2, II-3 and II-4) with 1,3-b-glucanase activity from extraction of pilei of Coprinopsis cinerea fruiting bodies. MALDI-TOF/TOF amino acid sequencing showed that these three fractions matched a putative exo-1,3-b-glucanase, a putative glucan 1,3-b-glucosidase and a putative glycosyl hydrolase family 16 protein annotated in the C. cinerea genome, respectively; however, they were characterized as a 1,3-b-glucosidase, an exo-1,3-b-glucanase and an endo-1, 3-b-glucanase, respectively, by analysis of their substrate specificities and modes of action. This study explored how these three 1,3-b-glucoside hydrolases synergistically acted on laminarin: the endo-1,3-b-glucanase hydrolysed internal glycosidic bonds of laminarin to generate 1,3-b-oligosaccharides of various lengths, the exo-1,3-b-glucanase cleaved the longer-chain laminarioligosaccharides into short-chain disaccharides, laminaribiose and gentiobiose, and the 1,3-b-glucosidase further hydrolysed laminaribiose to glucose. The remaining gentiobiose must be hydrolysed by other 1,6-b-glucosidases. Therefore, the endo-1,3-b-glucanase, exo-1,3-b-glucanase and 1,3-b-glucosidase may act synergistically to completely degrade the 1,3-b-glucan backbone of the C. cinerea cell wall during fruiting body autolysis. These three 1,3-b-glucoside hydrolases share a similar optimum pH and optimum temperature, supporting the speculation that these enzymes work together under the same conditions to degrade 1,3-b-glucan in the C. cinerea cell wall during fruiting body autolysis.

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“…The cell walls of filamentous fungi are mainly built up of β-1,3-glucan (65–90%), glycoproteins (20–30%) and chitin (10–20%; [63]). Accordingly, glucan-degrading enzymes constitute the biggest group of hydrolytic enzymes encoded in the Rhynchosporium genomes with at least 22 members (CAZy families GH17, GH55, GH81, GH128, GH72, possibly supplemented by members of families GH3, GH16 and GH131 [64]). Eight enzymes presumably target glycoproteins (GH20, GH114, GH125; Additional file 6: Table S4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics to explore phylogenetic relationship, cryptic sexual potential and host specificity of Rhynchosporium species on grasses

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe Rhynchosporium species complex consists of hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens specialized to different sweet grass species including the cereal crops barley and rye. A sexual stage has not been described, but several lines of evidence suggest the occurrence of sexual reproduction. Therefore, a comparative genomics approach was carried out to disclose the evolutionary relationship of the species and to identify genes demonstrating the potential for a sexual cycle. Furthermore, due to the evolutionary very young age of the five species currently known, this genus appears to be well-suited to address the question at the molecular level of how pathogenic fungi adapt to their hosts.ResultsThe genomes of the different Rhynchosporium species were sequenced, assembled and annotated using ab initio gene predictors trained on several fungal genomes as well as on Rhynchosporium expressed sequence tags. Structures of the rDNA regions and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms provided a hypothesis for intra-genus evolution. Homology screening detected core meiotic genes along with most genes crucial for sexual recombination in ascomycete fungi. In addition, a large number of cell wall-degrading enzymes that is characteristic for hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic fungi infecting monocotyledonous hosts were found. Furthermore, the Rhynchosporium genomes carry a repertoire of genes coding for polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Several of these genes are missing from the genome of the closest sequenced relative, the poplar pathogen Marssonina brunnea, and are possibly involved in adaptation to the grass hosts. Most importantly, six species-specific genes coding for protein effectors were identified in R. commune. Their deletion yielded mutants that grew more vigorously in planta than the wild type.ConclusionBoth cryptic sexuality and secondary metabolites may have contributed to host adaptation. Most importantly, however, the growth-retarding activity of the species-specific effectors suggests that host adaptation of R. commune aims at extending the biotrophic stage at the expense of the necrotrophic stage of pathogenesis. Like other apoplastic fungi Rhynchosporium colonizes the intercellular matrix of host leaves relatively slowly without causing symptoms, reminiscent of the development of endophytic fungi. Rhynchosporium may therefore become an object for studying the mutualism-parasitism transition.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3299-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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β-1,3-glucan modifying enzymes in Aspergillus fumigatus

Cited by 114 publications

References 53 publications

Functional duality of the cell wall

Functional duality of the cell wall

Purification, characterization and synergism in autolysis of a group of 1,3-β-glucan hydrolases from the pilei of Coprinopsis cinerea fruiting bodies

Comparative genomics to explore phylogenetic relationship, cryptic sexual potential and host specificity of Rhynchosporium species on grasses

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