Activation of -adrenoceptors in the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) modulates memory storage processes and longterm potentiation in downstream targets of BLA efferents, including the hippocampus. Here, we show that this activation also increases hippocampal levels of activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (Arc), an immediate-early gene (also termed Arg 3.1) implicated in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation processes. Infusions of the -adrenoreceptor agonist, clenbuterol, into the BLA immediately after training on an inhibitory avoidance task enhanced memory tested 48 h later. The same dose of clenbuterol significantly increased Arc protein levels in the dorsal hippocampus. Additionally, posttraining intra-BLA infusions of a memory-impairing dose of lidocaine significantly reduced Arc protein levels in the dorsal hippocampus. Increases in Arc protein levels were not accompanied by increases in Arc mRNA, suggesting that amygdala modulation of Arc protein and synaptic plasticity in efferent brain regions occurs at a posttranscriptional level. Finally, infusions of Arc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides into the dorsal hippocampus impaired performance of an inhibitory avoidance task, indicating that the changes in Arc protein expression are related to the observed changes in memory performance.activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated gene ͉ emotional memory ͉ immediate-early gene ͉ memory consolidation ͉ memory systems E motionally arousing events are typically well remembered.Extensive evidence indicates that the enhancing effect of emotional arousal on memory consolidation is mediated by release of adrenal stress hormones (i.e., epinephrine and glucocorticoids) that, in turn, affects neurotransmitter systems that converge in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to alter noradrenergic activity (1). Direct infusions of drugs into the BLA that target noradrenergic receptors affect the consolidation of memory for a variety of behavioral tasks. For example, posttraining intra-BLA infusions of the -adrenoreceptor agonist, clenbuterol, enhance memory of inhibitory avoidance training (2-4), and infusions of norepinephrine enhance retention of contextual fear conditioning (5), conditioned taste aversion (6), and spatial water maze training (7).Amygdala activation influences the consolidation of memories for such an array of behavioral tasks by modulating neuroplasticity in many other brain regions engaged in memory processing (1,8). For example, posttraining infusions of d-amphetamine into the amygdala enhance retention of both spatial and cued versions of a water maze task. Inactivating the hippocampus after training with infusion of lidocaine prevents the amygdalainduced enhancement of memory for the spatial version of the task and posttraining infusions of lidocaine into the caudate nucleus prevent the amygdala-induced enhancement of memory for training on the cued version of the task (9). These findings suggest that the amygdala modulates the consolidation of memory for the spatial training ...