Β-defensins – Underestimated peptides in influenza combat

Kalenik, Barbara Małgorzata; Góra-Sochacka, Anna; Sirko, Agnieszka

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2018.01.008

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Different β-defensins have been described to help with the clearance of viral or bacterial infections without stimulating inflammation, thus, they are interesting targets for the therapy of any infectious disease [48]. In other species, β-defensin-1 has been reported to act as an adjuvant for virus vaccination including influenza, hepatitis virus, herpes virus, and carp virus as summarised by Kalenik et al [49]. However, the mechanisms of β-defensins by which they protect the host cells against infection have not been well studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelargonium sidoides radix extract EPs 7630 reduces rhinovirus infection through modulation of viral binding proteins on human bronchial epithelial cells

et al. 2019

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Bronchial epithelial cells are the first target cell for rhinovirus infection. The course of viral infections in patients with acute bronchitis, asthma and COPD can be improved by oral application of Pelargonium sidoides radix extract; however, the mechanism is not well understood. This study investigated the in vitro effect of Pelargonium sidoides radix extract (EPs 7630) on the expression of virus binding cell membrane and host defence supporting proteins on primary human bronchial epithelial cells (hBEC). Cells were isolated from patients with severe asthma (n = 6), moderate COPD (n = 6) and non-diseased controls (n = 6). Protein expression was determined by Western-blot and immunofluorescence. Rhinovirus infection was determined by immunofluorescence as well as by polymerase chain reaction. Cell survival was determined by manual cell count after live/death immunofluorescence staining. All parameters were determined over a period of 3 days. The results show that EPs 7630 concentration-dependently and significantly increased hBEC survival after rhinovirus infection. This effect was paralleled by decreased expression of the inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), its ligand ICOSL and cell surface calreticulin (C1qR). In contrast, EPs 7630 up-regulated the expression of the host defence supporting proteins β-defensin-1 and SOCS-1, both in rhinovirus infected and un-infected hBEC. The expression of other virus interacting cell membrane proteins such as MyD88, TRL2/4 or ICAM-1 was not altered by EPs 7630. The results indicate that EPs 7630 may reduce rhinovirus infection of human primary BEC by down-regulating cell membrane docking proteins and up-regulating host defence proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelargonium sidoides radix extract EPs 7630 reduces rhinovirus infection through modulation of viral binding proteins on human bronchial epithelial cells

et al. 2019

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“…To acquire the optional vaccine candidates, five adjuvants were applied in this study. Although five selected adjuvants have been widely used in the design of multi-epitope vaccines in silico ( 48 – 51 ) and have been shown to stimulate the host’s immune response in animal experiments ( 43 , 45 , 52 – 54 ), any of these adjuvants have not been used for human vaccination. In the future, we can perform experiments to compare the immune enhancement effects of the adjuvants used in human vaccination, such as aluminum hydroxide and MF59 ( 90 ), and these adjuvants on multi-epitope vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of multi-epitope vaccines against the monkeypox virus based on envelope proteins using immunoinformatics approaches

et al. 2023

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BackgroundSince May 2022, cases of monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), have been increasingly reported worldwide. There are, however, no proven therapies or vaccines available for monkeypox. In this study, several multi-epitope vaccines were designed against the MPXV using immunoinformatics approaches.MethodsThree target proteins, A35R and B6R, enveloped virion (EV) form-derived antigens, and H3L, expressed on the mature virion (MV) form, were selected for epitope identification. The shortlisted epitopes were fused with appropriate adjuvants and linkers to vaccine candidates. The biophysical andbiochemical features of vaccine candidates were evaluated. The Molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD) simulation were run to understand the binding mode and binding stability between the vaccines and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). The immunogenicity of the designed vaccines was evaluated via immune simulation.ResultsFive vaccine constructs (MPXV-1-5) were formed. After the evaluation of various immunological and physicochemical parameters, MPXV-2 and MPXV-5 were selected for further analysis. The results of molecular docking showed that the MPXV-2 and MPXV-5 had a stronger affinity to TLRs (TLR2 and TLR4) and MHC (HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-DRB1*02:01) molecules, and the analyses of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation have further confirmed the strong binding stability of MPXV-2 and MPXV-5 with TLRs and MHC molecules. The results of the immune simulation indicated that both MPXV-2 and MPXV-5 could effectively induce robust protective immune responses in the human body.ConclusionThe MPXV-2 and MPXV-5 have good efficacy against the MPXV in theory, but further studies are required to validate their safety and efficacy.

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“…And although our study did not evaluate the contribution of specific AMPs or surfactant proteins (surfactant proteins A and D) in NALF, several AMPs have known antiviral activity against influenza. For example, cathelicidin LL37, α‐defensins, and β‐defensins found in NALF interfere with or inhibit influenza replication (Kalenik et al, 2018 ; Salvatore et al, 2007 ; Tripathi et al, 2013 ). Epithelial cells can secrete LL37 or β‐defensins, and leukocytes are the source of cathelicidins and α‐ or β‐defensins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise duration modulates upper and lower respiratory fluid cellularity, antiviral activity, and lung gene expression

et al. 2021

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Exercise has substantial health benefits, but the effects of exercise on immune status and susceptibility to respiratory infections are less clear. Furthermore, there is limited research examining the effects of prolonged exercise on local respiratory immunity and antiviral activity. To assess the upper respiratory tract in response to exercise, we collected nasal lavage fluid (NALF) from human subjects (1) at rest, (2) after 45 min of moderate‐intensity exercise, and (3) after 180 min of moderate‐intensity exercise. To assess immune responses of the lower respiratory tract, we utilized a murine model to examine the effect of exercise duration on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid immune cell content and lung gene expression. NALF cell counts did not change after 45 min of exercise, whereas 180 min significantly increased total cells and leukocytes in NALF. Importantly, fold change in NALF leukocytes correlated with the post‐exercise fatigue rating in the 180‐min exercise condition. The acellular portion of NALF contained strong antiviral activity against Influenza A in both resting and exercise paradigms. In mice undergoing moderate‐intensity exercise, BAL total cells and neutrophils decreased in response to 45 or 90 min of exercise. In lung lobes, increased expression of heat shock proteins suggested that cellular stress occurred in response to exercise. However, a broad upregulation of inflammatory genes was not observed, even at 180 min of exercise. This work demonstrates that exercise duration differentially alters the cellularity of respiratory tract fluids, antiviral activity, and gene expression. These changes in local mucosal immunity may influence resistance to respiratory viruses, including influenza or possibly other pathogens in which nasal mucosa plays a protective role, such as rhinovirus or SARS‐CoV‐2.

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Β-defensins – Underestimated peptides in influenza combat

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Pelargonium sidoides radix extract EPs 7630 reduces rhinovirus infection through modulation of viral binding proteins on human bronchial epithelial cells

Pelargonium sidoides radix extract EPs 7630 reduces rhinovirus infection through modulation of viral binding proteins on human bronchial epithelial cells

Development of multi-epitope vaccines against the monkeypox virus based on envelope proteins using immunoinformatics approaches

Exercise duration modulates upper and lower respiratory fluid cellularity, antiviral activity, and lung gene expression

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