“…Mounting evidence has shown that genome size is involved in the scaling of organisms: from the subcellular level where it influences the duration of mitosis and meiosis (Bennett, 1971; Šímová & Herben, 2012; Zhukovskaya & Ivanov, 2022), to the cellular level where it determines minimum cell size and cell packing density (e.g., Roddy et al ., 2020; Théroux-Rancourt et al ., 2021), and the organismal level where it affects life-history strategies (e.g., Bennett, 1987; Veselý et al ., 2012; Carta et al ., 2022) and physiological parameters such as growth rate (e.g., Knight et al ., 2005; Tenaillon et al ., 2016; White et al ., 2016) and photosynthetic efficiency (Beaulieu et al ., 2007; Roddy et al ., 2020). The cascading effects of genome size can in turn play a role in influencing where, when, and how plants grow and compete, thereby shaping community composition and distribution (Guignard et al ., 2016; Bureš et al ., 2022; Zhang et al ., 2022). Taken together, these multiple lines of evidence raise the possibility that genome size may be associated with extinction risk in angiosperms, as originally argued by Vinogradov (2003).…”