β-endorphin and opioid growth factor as biomarkers of physical ability in multiple sclerosis

Patel, Chirag; Thomas, Garrett; Zomorodi, Naseem; Zagon, Ian S.; McLaughlin, Patricia J.

doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102868

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Different antigens and strains of mice can be used to develop chronic progressive EAE (Ch-EAE) or relapsing-remitting EAE (RR-EAE). Accumulated evidence from our research supports the hypothesis that down-regulation of the OGF-OGFr pathway resulting in decreased blood levels of OGF are associated with a poor prognosis for MS [10,11,19] or EAE [19,20]. Although animal models of MS are imperfect, they provide a reliable platform to assess independent variables in a controlled setting.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Because of the variability in patient profiles, as well as the broad array of DMTs that are now available, it is difficult to perform rigorous and reproducible studies on humans. Given our understanding of the Opioid Growth Factor (OGF) -OGF receptor (OGFr) axis, and the role that naltrexone plays in modulating this pathway, we investigated the role of OGF and LDN utilizing the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Different antigens and strains of mice can be used to develop chronic progressive EAE (Ch-EAE) or relapsing-remitting EAE (RR-EAE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2022

Journal of Experimental Neurology

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

Journal of Experimental Neurology

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“…Moreover, Patel and colleagues [ 27 ] highlighted the correlation between elevated β-endorphin levels and QoL scores, especially for the physical and social functioning roles, suggesting that β-endorphins could be potential biomarkers for physical disease status in MS because of its anti-inflammatory properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Levels of Beta-Endorphin and Noradrenaline after a Brief High-Impact Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program in Multiple Sclerosis

d’Arma

Saresella

Rossi

et al. 2022

Life

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Finding new solutions for the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) is crucial: further research is needed to study the effect of non-pharmacological interventions on the symptoms and the course of the disease, especially on lifestyle. Benefits from a proper lifestyle are evident not only on a clinical level but also on immune and neuro-endocrine systems. A brief high-impact multidimensional rehabilitation program (b-HIPE) was proposed for a sample of people with MS (pwMS) with a medium level of disease disability. We tested the change on clinical parameters and quality of life (QoL) after participation in B-HIPE. We furthermore decided to measure beta-endorphin and catecholamines concentrations pre- and post-participation in the b-HIPE program, due to the relationship between these hormones and the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases. Our results showed that after the b-HIPE program, an improvement of clinical parameters and QoL occurred. Moreover, we found higher levels of beta-endorphin and noradrenaline after participation in the program. These findings highlight the importance of implementing lifestyle interventions in the clinical management of MS. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the B-HIPE program increased beta-endorphin and noradrenaline levels, helping to reduce the inflammation related to MS disease.

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“…Because LDN has been shown in animal models to bind to the Opioid Growth Factor Receptor (OGFr) for approximately 6-8 hours and to result in a biofeedback mechanism that upregulated secretion of endogenous neuropeptides such as β-endorphin and [Met 5 ]enkephalin (i.e., OGF) 15 , it is hypothesized that the same mechanism works in humans 15,16 . Clinical studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that levels of endorphins and enkephalins are diminished in PwMS [16][17][18][19] , and thus the cytokine storm that occurs with a MS relapse, or is feared with vaccination, overwhelms the immune system leading to immunocompromised immunity. Longterm exposure to LDN has been shown to offset fatigue of several diseases, and to result in better overall perception of mental and physical health [16][17][18] .…”

Section: Low-dose Naltrexone Reduces Anxiety Related To Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that levels of endorphins and enkephalins are diminished in PwMS [16][17][18][19] , and thus the cytokine storm that occurs with a MS relapse, or is feared with vaccination, overwhelms the immune system leading to immunocompromised immunity. Longterm exposure to LDN has been shown to offset fatigue of several diseases, and to result in better overall perception of mental and physical health [16][17][18] . Patel 18 reported that OGF and LDN have therapeutic effects, but that they also may be involved in macrophage activation, microglial activation, and peripheral inflammation in the murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).…”

Section: Low-dose Naltrexone Reduces Anxiety Related To Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Factors Influencing Anxiety and Depression in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

McLaughlin¹,

Odom²,

Zagon³

2023

MRAJ

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Patients with multiple sclerosis have been subjected to extra levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic when they were singled out by governmental regulatory agencies as sufficiently immune-compromised persons that should be in the first group to receive the untested, new COVID-19 vaccine. The designation of these persons in such a high-risk group compounded their anxiety and depression. Early in the disease in 2020-2021, little was known about the disease, the vaccine, or whether their disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis were subjecting them to more immunomodulatory suppression. This review is not comprehensive of all articles written on COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis, but selectively looks at research on COVID-19 and use of low-doses of naltrexone as treatment. Specific causes for anxiety and depression are discussed in light of evidence that suggests that the length of disease, rather than age, sex, or therapy leads to more anxiety. Low-dose naltrexone in combination with other disease-modifying therapies, or alone, reduced the perceived levels of anxiety. These data suggest that clinicians may want to prescribe low-dose naltrexone for early-stage multiple sclerosis patients.

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β-endorphin and opioid growth factor as biomarkers of physical ability in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Increased Levels of Beta-Endorphin and Noradrenaline after a Brief High-Impact Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program in Multiple Sclerosis

A Review of Factors Influencing Anxiety and Depression in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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