β-In₂S₃ Nanoplates for Ultrafast Photonics

Abstract

The technological revolution of two-dimensional (2D) materials provides vitality for ultrafast optics. Compared with other 2D materials, indium sulfide (In2S3) has become an attractive candidate material in the field of nonlinear optics because of its high carrier mobility, ultrafast photoelectric sensitivity, medium band gap, and high absorption coefficient. However, its nonlinear optical effects have rarely been studied. In this work, we synthesized 2D β-In2S3 nanoplates using the hydrothermal method. The saturable absorber based on β-In2S3 nanoplates has been investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the modulation depth and saturable intensity of β-In2S3 are measured as 2.32% and 18.4 MW·cm–2, respectively, which indicates that β-In2S3 has great potential in ultrafast optics among emerging nonlinear optical materials. Using such unprecedented properties, the mode-locked fiber laser with 247th (1.92 GHz) harmonic mode locking is realized in the C-band for the first time to our knowledge. This paves the way for exploring β-In2S3 as an outstanding nonlinear material for high-performance ultrafast optics.

Bi2O2Te Nanosheets Saturable Absorber‐Based Passive Mode‐Locked Fiber Laser: From Soliton Molecules to Harmonic Soliton

“…In addition, the performances of the proposed SA and SESAM [ 49 ] as well as those of various reported typical 2D SA‐based (including graphene, [ 50 ] carbon nanotubes, [ 51 ] gold nanowires, [ 52 ] TIs, [ 53,54 ] transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), [ 55–58 ] Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [ 59 ] ferromagnetic insulators, [ 60 ] BP, [ 61 ] MXenes, [ 62 ] bismuthine, [ 63 ] tellurene, [ 64 ] and antimonene [ 65 ] ) passive mode‐locking fiber lasers are summarized in Table 1 . The HML based on the 2D MoSe 2 SA exhibited the highest repetition rate (3.27 GHz); however, the modulation depth and saturable intensity were both low.…”

“…It should be noted that the output harmonic pulses exhibited a higher repetition rate and excellent SNR under moderate pump power levels, which is preferable for engineering applications, including ultrahigh-speed optical time-division multiplexing systems, [46] ultrafast all-optical sampling, [47] and all-optical clock recovery. [48] In addition, the performances of the proposed SA and SESAM [49] as well as those of various reported typical 2D SA-based (including graphene, [50] carbon nanotubes, [51] gold nanowires, [52] TIs, [53,54] transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), [55][56][57][58] Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [59] ferromagnetic insulators, [60] BP, [61] MXenes, [62] bismuthine, [63] tellurene, [64] and antimonene [65] ) passive mode-locking fiber lasers are summarized in Table 1. The HML based on the 2D MoSe 2 SA exhibited the highest repetition rate (3.27 GHz); however, the modulation depth and saturable intensity were both low.…”

Preparation and pulsed fiber laser applications of emerging nanostructured materials

“…14), 275 the average output power of 313 mW at 1924 nm with ReS 1.02 Se 0.98 as the SA in the mode-locked TDFL, 41 and the repetition rate of 3.27 GHz at 1557.3 nm with MoSe 2 as the SA in mode-locked EDFL 255 were obtained. In addition to TMDs, other chalcogenides-based 2DLMs such as In 2 S 3 , 276 In 2 Se 3 , 277 InSe, 278 GaS, 279 GaSe, 280 SnS, 281 TiS 3 , 282 and Ta 2 NiS 5 283 were also employed as the SAs.…”

Investigation on the saturable absorption characteristics of GeNS and its application to harmonic mode‐locked modulation

“…Among these, HML fiber lasers with different SAs are widely investigated because of its effectivity and convenience 13,20–24 . Especially, the novel two‐dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene, 25,26 black phosphorus, 27,28 topology insulators (Bi 2 Se 3 29,30 ), indium sulfide (In 2 S 3 31 ), transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS 2 32,33 and WS 2 34,35 ), IV–VI semiconductors (SnS 2 36 and SnSe 2 30 ), MXenes, 37,38 and Xenes, 39–42 are employed as SAs for obtaining Q‐switched and mode‐locked pulses in fiber lasers and show outstanding nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics. It is of great research value to find suitable 2D nanomaterials and explore their saturable absorption properties for high‐order harmonic modulation.…”