β-Lactam antibiotics inhibit chloroplast division in a moss (Physcomitrella patens) but not in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Kasten, B.; Reski, Ralf

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(97)80193-9

Cited by 66 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…If the plastids of green plants have no peptidoglycan, antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis should have no effect on their cells. However, we and others have found that antibiotics that interfere with peptidoglycan biosynthesis can inhibit plastid division, generating giant chloroplasts, in the moss Physcomitrella patens (Kasten and Reski, 1997;Katayama et al, 2003). Due to progress in the P. patens genome-sequencing project, we were able to identify 10 homologs of Mur genes: MurA to G, MraY, penicillin binding protein (PBP), and D-Ala:D-Ala ligase (DDL), which are involved in biosynthesizing peptidoglycan (Machida et al, 2006;Homi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moss Chloroplasts Are Surrounded by a Peptidoglycan Wall Containing D-Amino Acids

et al. 2016

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It is believed that the plastids in green plants lost peptidoglycan (i.e., a bacterial cell wall-containing D-amino acids) during their evolution from an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium. Although wall-like structures could not be detected in the plastids of green plants, the moss Physcomitrella patens has the genes required to generate peptidoglycan (Mur genes), and knocking out these genes causes defects in chloroplast division. Here, we generated P. patens knockout lines (ΔPp-ddl) for a homolog of the bacterial peptidoglycan-synthetic gene encoding D-Ala:D-Ala ligase. ΔPp-ddl had a macrochloroplast phenotype, similar to other Mur knockout lines. The addition of D-Ala-D-Ala (DA-DA) to the medium suppressed the appearance of giant chloroplasts in ΔPp-ddl, but the addition of L-Ala-L-Ala (LA-LA), DA-LA, LA-DA, or D-Ala did not. Recently, a metabolic method for labeling bacterial peptidoglycan was established using ethynyl-DA-DA (EDA-DA) and click chemistry to attach an azidemodified fluorophore to the ethynyl group. The ΔPp-ddl line complemented with EDA-DA showed that moss chloroplasts are completely surrounded by peptidoglycan. Our findings strongly suggest that the moss plastids have a peptidoglycan wall containing D-amino acids. By contrast, no plastid phenotypes were observed in the T-DNA tagged ddl mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moss Chloroplasts Are Surrounded by a Peptidoglycan Wall Containing D-Amino Acids

et al. 2016

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“…1) (10). Because there is no peptidoglycan layer in animal cells, the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway is a major target of antibiotics, and it was thought that these antibiotics had no effect on plant cells; however, it has been reported that treating the moss Physcomitrella patens with three different ␤-lactam antibiotics resulted in the appearance of macrochloroplasts, although the treatment did not affect chloroplast division in tomatoes (11). ␤-lactam antibiotics, including penicillin and ampicillin, form covalent complexes with the penicillinbinding proteins of bacteria, including cyanobacteria, and kill them by interfering with their ability to synthesize a cell wall.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genes for the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway are essential for chloroplast division in moss

Machida

Takechi

Sato

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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“…It is now widely accepted that a single cyanobacterial ancestor evolved into the chloroplasts present in glaucocystophyte algae, red algae, and green plants (Cavalier-Smith 2000). Kasten and Reski (1997) reported that ß-lactam antibiotics inhibited plastid division in the moss Physcomitrella patens, but not for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cell suspension cultures. We examined the effects of antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis on plastid division in P. patens and found the following: (1) ampicillin and D-cycloserine caused a rapid decrease in the number of plastids per cell (defined as the plastid number), and (2) fosfomycin caused a decrease in the plastid number in half of the cells (Katayama et al 2003).…”

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Effects of Antibiotics That Inhibit Bacterial Peptidoglycan Synthesis on Plastid Division in Pteridophytes

et al. 2008

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SummaryWe investigated the effect of antibiotics that specifically inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis on plastid division in pteridophytes by comparing the numbers of plastids in normal and antibiotictreated pteridophyte cells. Plastid numbers were unaffected in Moniliformopses cells but decreased in Lycophytina cells after treatment with the b-lactam antibiotic ampicillin. However, cells of all four pteridophyte species exhibited decreased plastid numbers when treated with the antibiotic fosfomycin. Together, these results suggest that the Mur genes may be related to plastid division in pteridophytes, as demonstrated for certain bryophytes.

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β-Lactam antibiotics inhibit chloroplast division in a moss (Physcomitrella patens) but not in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Cited by 66 publications

References 16 publications

Moss Chloroplasts Are Surrounded by a Peptidoglycan Wall Containing D-Amino Acids

Moss Chloroplasts Are Surrounded by a Peptidoglycan Wall Containing D-Amino Acids

Genes for the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway are essential for chloroplast division in moss

Effects of Antibiotics That Inhibit Bacterial Peptidoglycan Synthesis on Plastid Division in Pteridophytes

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