β-Propiolactone UV Inactivated Clotting Factor Concentrate Is the Source of HIV-Infection of 8 Hemophilia B Patients: Confirmed

Kupfer, Bernd; Oldenburg, J.; Brackmann, H.‐H.; Matz, Bertfried; Schneweis, K. E.; Kaiser, R.

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1649951

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The goal of the present study was to analyze the evolution of the HIV-1 env C2V3C3 region in six clonally infected hemophiliacs over a time period of up to 15 years. These hemophilia B patients were infected from one unique clotting factor lot containing a genetically homogeneous HIV-1 population [Kupfer et al, 1995], an incident that allowed the follow-up of viral evolution starting from a single founder strain in different human hosts [Kasper et al, 1993;Kasper et al, 1994;Kasper et al, 1995].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifteen years of Env C2V3C3 evolution in six individuals infected clonally with human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Kupfer

Sing

Schüffler

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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The study of the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires blood samples collected longitudinally and data on the approximate time point of infection. Although these requirements were fulfilled in several previous studies, the infectious sources were either unknown or heterogeneous genetically. In the present study, HIV-1 env C2V3C3 (nt 7029-7315) evolution was examined retrospectively in a cohort of hemophiliacs. Compared to other cohorts, the area of interest here was the infection of six hemophiliacs by the same virus strain, that is, the infecting viruses shared an identical genome. As expected, divergence from the founder sequence as well as interpatient divergence of the predominant virus strains increased significantly over time. Based on the V3 nucleotide sequences, CCR5 usage was predicted exclusively throughout the whole period of infection in all patients. Interestingly, common patterns of viral evolution were detected in the patients of the cohort. Four amino acid substitutions within the V3 loop emerged and persisted subsequently in five (positions 305 and 308 of the HXB2 gp120 reference sequence) and six patients (positions 325 and 328 in HXB2 gp120), respectively. These common changes within the V3 loop are likely to be enforced by HIV-1 specific immune response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifteen years of Env C2V3C3 evolution in six individuals infected clonally with human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Kupfer

Sing

Schüffler

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Such examples of HIV infection have been well documented among hemophiliacs in the nineties (Kleim et al, 1990), which was followed by several other outbreaks of blood borne pathogens worldwide, such as HCV (Bresee et al, 1996; Echevarria et al, 1996; Lawlor et al, 1999; Lefrere et al, 1996), Parvovirus 19, and Hepatitis A virus (Blumel et al, 2002; Jee et al, 2006; Johnson et al, 1995; Kupfer et al, 1995; Mannucci et al, 1994; Soucie, Siwak, Hooper, Evatt, & Hollinger, 2004). Since HIV incidence is rising along the U.S./Mexico border (Strathdee & Magis-Rodriguez, 2008), it is worthy to consider that HIV antibody screening could theoretically miss a small number of HIV-infected IDUs in the window period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-border paid plasma donation among injection drug users in two Mexico–U.S. border cities

Volkow¹,

Brouwer²,

Loza³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Objective-Paid plasma donation has contributed to HIV epidemics in many countries. Eleven million liters of plasma are fractionated annually in the U.S., mainly from paid donors. Deferral of high risk donors such as injection drug users (IDUs) is required for paid donations. We studied circumstances surrounding paid plasma donation among IDUs in two Mexican-U.S. border cities.Methods-In 2005, IDUs ≥18 years old in Tijuana (N=222) and Cd. Juarez (N=206) who injected in the last month were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Subjects underwent antibody testing for HIV and HCV and an interviewer-administered survey including questions on donating and selling whole blood and plasma.Results-Of 428 IDUs, HIV and HCV prevalence were 3% and 96%, respectively; 75 (17.5%) reported ever having donated/sold their blood or plasma, of whom 28 (37%) had sold their plasma for an average of $16 USD. The majority of IDUs selling plasma were residents of Ciudad Juarez (82%); 93% had sold their plasma only in the U.S. The last time they sold their plasma, 65% of IDUs had been asked if they injected drugs. Although the median time since last selling plasma was 13 years ago, 3 had done so within the prior two years, one within the prior 6 months; of these 3 IDUs, 2 were from Cd. Juarez, one from Tijuana; all 3 had only sold their plasma in the U.S.Conclusions-Although selling plasma appears uncommon among IDUs in these two Mexican border cities, the majority sold plasma in the U.S and only one-third were deferred as high-risk donors. Paying donors for plasma should be a matter of public inquiry to encourage strict compliance with regulations. Plasma clinics should defer donors not only on behavioral risks, but should specifically inspect for injection stigmata.

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“…Virus transmission is a potential risk associated with plasma products 3 that has been known for more than five decades. Even after the general introduction of effective VI/R methods in 1985, incidents have been reported in which one or several batches of plasma products have transmitted HAV, 24,26,29,30,55–57 HBV, 20 HCV, 74 and HIV 32,47 . With modern molecular methods, such as NAT, genotyping, and genome sequencing, it is now possible to confirm or disprove suspected virus transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA/DNA sequencing has been used successfully to investigate suspected virus transmission by plasma products 24,26,29–33 . Because of the high rate of spontaneous mutations, in particular in HIV and HCV, sequence analysis should be performed as soon as possible after exposure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If demonstration of virus transmission by NAT is impossible, virus‐inactivation and/or ‐reduction (VI/R) methods employed in the manufacturing process must be reevaluated. Several incidents of virus transmission due to insufficient effectiveness of VI/R methods have occurred in the past: HIV infection transmitted by β‐propiolactone/UV‐inactivated prothrombin complex concentrate, 20,32,47,48 several HCV transmissions by IVIG manufactured by Cohn fractionation 16,22,27,28,49–53 or the Hoppe method, 33,54 and a series of HAV transmissions by FVIII products inactivated by the S/D method 24,26,29,30,55–57 . The lesson to be learned from these incidents is that small changes in plasma screening and/or the manufacturing process may have considerable impact on viral safety 58 and may require revalidation according to relevant guidelines 59…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causality assessment of suspected virustransmission by human plasma products

et al. 2001

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β-Propiolactone UV Inactivated Clotting Factor Concentrate Is the Source of HIV-Infection of 8 Hemophilia B Patients: Confirmed

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Fifteen years of Env C2V3C3 evolution in six individuals infected clonally with human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Fifteen years of Env C2V3C3 evolution in six individuals infected clonally with human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Cross-border paid plasma donation among injection drug users in two Mexico–U.S. border cities

Causality assessment of suspected virustransmission by human plasma products

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