“…Different classes of HBB mutations underlie betathalassemia, in descending order of frequency: missense/nonsense [25,26], splicing [27], regulatory [28], small or gross gene deletions [27,29], including the common deletion of the terminal portion of HBB [30], gene insertions [31], small insertion-deletions [32], and complex rearrangements [33]. In rare instances, the causative defect is due to a deletion of the LCR [18], mutations in another gene within [34] or outside [16] the beta-globin locus.…”