“…The incorporation of short chelating columns within a modified IC system, for on-line analyte preconcentration and removal from complex matrices, prior to separation using ion exchange, is the basis of the Dionex chelation ion chromatography (CIC) system. This system has been successfully applied to the analysis of many complex samples over the past 14 years since its inception, [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] including trace metals in seawater, [72][73][74]77,83 geological digests, 76,[78][79][80] biological samples, 72,80,82,84 drinking water, 81 fertilizers 79 and reagent grade chemicals. 82 However, here we will briefly focus on the application of chelating stationary phases for the direct analysis of complex sample matrices, so-called high-performance chelation ion chromatography (HPCIC), as last reviewed by Jones and Nesterenko in 1997.…”