“…Given the technological advancements in recent years, conducting research on the application of technology in teaching that had been done over the past ten years, and integrating online technology into the learning process were found to have a positive influence on the students' learning engagement (Dunlap & Lowenthal, 2018;Bognar, Sablic & Skugor, 2019). In order to improve the teaching methods and classroom environment, many educational institutions use new technology (e.g., tech-based learning) as part of their language classrooms (Berezova, Mudra & Yakushko, 2018;Dousti, Amirian & Nejadansari, 2021). Technology has the potential to offer quite a number of free learning materials online for learning activities (Teng, 2017;Gao, Shen & Wang, 2020).…”