Еvaluation of productivity and adaptability of coriander varieties under forest-steppe conditions of the middle Volga region

Abstract

Coriander is a common essential oil crop and a source of a number of valuable products. Coriander is grown mainly for oil seeds (fruits) and spicy greens (cilantro). The article presents a comparative assessment of the productivity and adaptability of 14 varieties of coriander in the conditions of the Penza region (forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region). Over the years of research (2020-2022), the duration of the growing season of coriander was, on average for varieties, 89-109 days. Early ripening was noted in varieties Karibe, Borodinsky and Silach (89-92 days). The yield of coriander seeds ranged from 1.41 to 1.83 t/ha, with the maximum values in the Nectar and Santo varieties (1.75 and 1.83 t/ha), 0.15-0.42 t/ha higher other varieties (LSD05 = 0.11). The highest content of fatty oil was noted in the varieties Commander (20.09 %), Venera (19.58 %) and Santo (19.04 %). All varieties had a fairly high adaptive potential: the coefficient of adaptability ranged from 0.85 to 1.19, with the highest values in varieties Nectar (1.19), Santo (1.13) and Karibe (1.12). These varieties had the highest breeding value (1.32-1.42). According to the values of the indicator of the level of stability of the variety (19.09) and the stability index (13.66), the variety Karibe was characterized by the highest stability of the trait "yield". The analysis of the crop structure showed that the varieties Nectar (4.89 g) and Santo (5.49 g) were selected according to the productivity of one plant. The largest fruits were formed in varieties Taiga (10.26 g), Santo (10.94 g) and Karibe (10.85 g). According to the number of fruits in one umbel, 7 varieties are of the greatest interest, in which this indicator reached more than 40 pieces. The maximum number of umbel 21.6 and 22.6 was formed by varieties Nectar and Santo. Evaluation of coriander varieties showed their high adaptive capabilities in contrasting weather conditions of the Penza region.