The purpose of the work was to study the microfl ora of the reindeer rumen, to isolate highly active strains with cellulolytic and antagonistic properties for the making of a new probiotic additive and its testing when used in the rations of lactating cows. The paper compares the chemical analysis of feed from various northern regions and determines the level of toxicity of the feed ration of reindeer of Nenets breed in the winter-spring and summer-autumn periods. The microbiome of the Nenets reindeer rumen was studied using NGS sequencing and T-RFLP analysis, the results were compared depending on seasonal variability, age and sex of animals. Bacteria from the rumen of reindeer with antagonistic properties against pathogens, as well as used as a source of cellulases and biodestructors of mycotoxins were isolated. As a result, a probiotic feed additive Rumit was developed based on these strains and the eff ect of feeding probiotic on the productivity and quality of milk of lactating cows was studied. It has been established that the probiotic additive Rumit is not inferior in its eff ectiveness to the previously tested probiotic Cellobacterin+. Its use in the rations of highly productive cows led to the increase in milk yield, the increase in the fat content of milk and the protein content in it compared with the control group. The obtained research materials indicate the expediency of introducing the probiotic additive into the rations of cattle in a dose of 40 g/head/day, which contributes to the increase in dairy productivity of cows, reducing feed expenditures per unit of production and increasing the economic effi ciency of milk production.