Объективные Критерии Диагностики Индивидуальных Особенностей Психического Онтогенеза Детей Раннего Возраста С Задержкой Речевого Развития

Abstract

Background. Grammatical incorrectness of speech, lack of formation of speech and communicative functions are often caused by dysregulation of cognitive, logical and verbal thinking. At the same time, in recent years there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of speech development delay, which is not associated with impaired intelligence of children, sensory and neurological lesions, but is often combined with other problems of their neuropsychic development and leads to significant impairments in social interaction. In cases where there is no favorable ontogenesis, the isolated use of speech therapy correction of speech disorders is not sufficient. Children with disharmonious development need an in-depth study of speech, psychomotor and emotional-behavioral spheres. At the same time, psychiatrists note the difficulties in diagnosing borderline mental disorders in young children with delayed speech development. Objective: to substantiate the expediency of methods for differentiated diagnosis of disorders in the psychomotor and emotional-behavioral spheres of children of early age with delayed speech development. Study Material. The main group included children (n=100) aged 1.5 to 3 years with a diagnosis of Expressive language disorder (ICD-10 F80.1). The control group (n=50) consisted of children with typical speech development examined by a psychiatrist in connection with a planned medical examination. Methods: clinicalpsychopathological, contextual analysis of behavior. Clinical and diagnostic methods: psychodiagnostic test Schedule of neuropsychological examination of infants (GNOM), Bailey scale for diagnosing the development of infants, Achenbach's Child Behavior Sheet questionnaire. Statistical data processing was carried out using descriptive methods. Results. Mental disorders in children in the psychomotor, emotional and behavioral spheres were identified and assessed. The necessity of participation of a child psychiatrist in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of children with delayed speech development is substantiated. The use of the diagnostic scheme developed as a result of the study with the inclusion of clinical diagnostic methods will allow timely detection and correction of concomitant mental disorders in young children with delayed speech development, which will contribute to their harmonious development, reducing the risk of developing persistent and severe mental disorders in the future, improving the adaptation and quality of life of the family as a whole.