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: The article is devoted to the study of zinc, copper, and lead content in the soils of Rostov-on-Don. Soil samples were collected from full-profile sections located in different districts of the city and suburbs of Rostov-on-Don. The group of anthropogenically disturbed soils included Urbic Technosol urbanstratozems and replantozems, as well as urbanized chernozems Calcic Chernozems (Technic). Natural soils of recreational areas are represented by migration-segregation chernozems Calcic Chernozems (Pachic). The study was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence analysis to determine metal content. Soil structure was determined by the Savvinov method (dry sieving) (<0.25; 1–2; 3–5; 5–7; >10 mm). Statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon criterion for related samples was performed to identify relationships. The main objective of the study was to assess the heavy metal content in different size fractions of aggregates and the ability of structural fractions to accumulate zinc, copper, and lead. Structural aggregates of different sizes differ in their ability to accumulate zinc, copper and lead. Zinc, including its mobile compounds, is predominantly accumulated in microaggregates. The content of gross copper and especially lead is confined to larger aggregates. At the same time, mobile copper compounds are concentrated in microaggregates and in fractions larger than 10 mm. Mobile lead compounds are distributed in fractions of different sizes quite uniformly in all studied soils.
: The article is devoted to the study of zinc, copper, and lead content in the soils of Rostov-on-Don. Soil samples were collected from full-profile sections located in different districts of the city and suburbs of Rostov-on-Don. The group of anthropogenically disturbed soils included Urbic Technosol urbanstratozems and replantozems, as well as urbanized chernozems Calcic Chernozems (Technic). Natural soils of recreational areas are represented by migration-segregation chernozems Calcic Chernozems (Pachic). The study was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence analysis to determine metal content. Soil structure was determined by the Savvinov method (dry sieving) (<0.25; 1–2; 3–5; 5–7; >10 mm). Statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon criterion for related samples was performed to identify relationships. The main objective of the study was to assess the heavy metal content in different size fractions of aggregates and the ability of structural fractions to accumulate zinc, copper, and lead. Structural aggregates of different sizes differ in their ability to accumulate zinc, copper and lead. Zinc, including its mobile compounds, is predominantly accumulated in microaggregates. The content of gross copper and especially lead is confined to larger aggregates. At the same time, mobile copper compounds are concentrated in microaggregates and in fractions larger than 10 mm. Mobile lead compounds are distributed in fractions of different sizes quite uniformly in all studied soils.
Структура почвы как результат сложной системы внутрипочвенных взаимодействий и внешнего воздействия в условиях урбопедогенеза претерпевает изменения, что не может не влиять на протекторные функции почвы, роль которых в урболандшафтах многократно возрастает. Отсюда актуальность изучения процессов трансформации структуры городских почв. В сравнительном аспекте рассмотрен состав структурных фракций и их водоустойчивость в типичных городских почвах – урбостратоземах (открытых и запечатанных под плотными покрытиями) и черноземах миграционно-сегрегационных рекреационных зон города. Состав и качество почв изучали по результатам сухого и мокрого просеивания по методу Саввинова. Разницу в структурном состоянии этих двух групп почв оценивали погоризонтно, сравнивая их между собой с применением критерия Стьюдента. Учитывая многовариантность формирования урбиковых горизонтов, для снижения разброса значений их разделили на 2 кластера: тяжелые и легкие. Явным признаком урбопедогенеза является возрастание доли структурных агрегатов с диаметром >10 мм как в горизонтах урбик, так и в погребенных горизонтах. В легких горизонтах урбик обнаружено более высокое содержание фракций 0,5–0,25 и <0,25 мм, чем в тяжелых. Погребенная часть профиля урбопочв, представляющая собой фактически законсервированный под толщей урбонаслоений чернозем миграционно-сегрегационный, по сравнению с черноземами рекреационных зон имеет тенденцию к увеличению содержания глыбистой фракции за счет снижения доли агрономически ценных агрегатов. Водопрочность структуры – более стабильный показатель. Достоверное увеличение содержания фракции 0,5–0,25 мм по сравнению с нативными почвами обнаружено только в погребенных гумусово-аккумулятивных горизонтах за счет снижения доли агрегатов размерностью >3 и 2–1 мм.
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