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Background. Polyarteritis nodosa is an acute, subacute or chronic immune complex disease associated with peripheral and visceral artery involvement, predominantly of middle and small sizes, development of destructive-proliferative arteritis and subsequent peripheral and visceral ischaemia.Cases description. The present paper describes two clinical cases of polyarteritis nodosa in patient R., aged 12, and patient A., aged 9, and demonstrates the difficulties of diagnosing the disease in its early stages. Patient R., aged 12, was admitted to the Rheumatology Unit of the Krasnodar Krai Children’s Clinical Hospital with complaints of red, patchy, dense rash on the palms and plantar surface of the feet. The child has been ill since September 2017, and after a history of tonsillitis suffered a fever of 37 °C, pain in the right heel area, nodular thickening on the feet, livedo reticularis, swelling of both hands. The disease had a recurrent course. The boy was treated with prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, hydroxychloroquine and three courses of rituximab (April 2018, January 2019, September 2020). Repeated courses of human normal immunoglobulin and alprostadil therapy were carried out. The treatment showed positive dynamics, fever was eliminated, general well-being improved, and acute inflammatory markers in blood became normal. The skin retained minimal manifestation of livedo, nodularities on the feet did not progress in dynamics. Patient A. was admitted to the Rheumatology Unit of the Krasnodar Krai Children’s Clinical Hospital in April 2022 with complaints of weakness, myalgia of the lower extremities and necrosis foci in the left lumbar region. The medical history indicates that in March 2022, the boy, being in good health before, developed a bluish, painful rash on his lower legs after a workout. Skin changes and soreness resolved on their own without treatment. After examination, a diagnosis was made as follows: juvenile polyarteritis nodosa, activity score — 3.Conclusion. The diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa can be often problematic due to the very character of the disease featured by absence of specific symptoms, by polymorphism of clinical manifestations, and by lack of clear diagnostic and laboratory markers.
Background. Polyarteritis nodosa is an acute, subacute or chronic immune complex disease associated with peripheral and visceral artery involvement, predominantly of middle and small sizes, development of destructive-proliferative arteritis and subsequent peripheral and visceral ischaemia.Cases description. The present paper describes two clinical cases of polyarteritis nodosa in patient R., aged 12, and patient A., aged 9, and demonstrates the difficulties of diagnosing the disease in its early stages. Patient R., aged 12, was admitted to the Rheumatology Unit of the Krasnodar Krai Children’s Clinical Hospital with complaints of red, patchy, dense rash on the palms and plantar surface of the feet. The child has been ill since September 2017, and after a history of tonsillitis suffered a fever of 37 °C, pain in the right heel area, nodular thickening on the feet, livedo reticularis, swelling of both hands. The disease had a recurrent course. The boy was treated with prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, hydroxychloroquine and three courses of rituximab (April 2018, January 2019, September 2020). Repeated courses of human normal immunoglobulin and alprostadil therapy were carried out. The treatment showed positive dynamics, fever was eliminated, general well-being improved, and acute inflammatory markers in blood became normal. The skin retained minimal manifestation of livedo, nodularities on the feet did not progress in dynamics. Patient A. was admitted to the Rheumatology Unit of the Krasnodar Krai Children’s Clinical Hospital in April 2022 with complaints of weakness, myalgia of the lower extremities and necrosis foci in the left lumbar region. The medical history indicates that in March 2022, the boy, being in good health before, developed a bluish, painful rash on his lower legs after a workout. Skin changes and soreness resolved on their own without treatment. After examination, a diagnosis was made as follows: juvenile polyarteritis nodosa, activity score — 3.Conclusion. The diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa can be often problematic due to the very character of the disease featured by absence of specific symptoms, by polymorphism of clinical manifestations, and by lack of clear diagnostic and laboratory markers.
Bibliography of the famous zoologist, functional morphologist and evolutionist Petr Petrovich Gambaryan, including 108 names, is provided. The time of publications issue covers the period from 1946 to 2015.
С целью изучения особенностей гуморального иммунитета у больных гепатитом В, осложненным узелковым полиартериитом, были определены количественные изменения основных классов и субклассов иммуноглобулинов в сыворотке крови. Было обследовано 158 человек больных острым гепатитом В: из них 97 неосложненным острым гепатитом В, 61 больной ОГВ, осложненным узелковым полиартериитом и 30 практически здоровых людей. Концентрацию иммуноглобулинов в сыворотке крови пациентов определяли методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. При определении концентрации иммуноглбулинов в сыворотке крови при ОГВ было отмечено повышение уровня иммуноглобулинов всех классов, что отражает повышенную стимуляцию гуморального иммунитета. Наиболее высокие значения концентрации общего IgG обнаруживались у больных ОГВ, осложненного узелковым полиартериитом, что было достоверно выше (p<0,05), чем у контрольных доноров. Наряду с этим, при осложнении заболевания узелковым полиартериитом, синтез IgG4 возрастал и был выше показателей не только контрольной группы, но и у больных неосложненным ОГВ (p<0,05). Помимо этого, концентрация IgE у больных, осложненным узелковым полиартериитом, была несколько выше, чем в группе контроля и у больных ОГВ без узелкового полиартериита (p<0,05). Таким образом, особенностью гуморального иммунного ответа у больных узелковым полиартериитом является существенное повышение в сыворотке крови концентрации общего IgG, IgG4 и IgE, что, видимо, усугубляется фоновой иммунной патологией, проявляющейся в виде аутоиммунных и аллергических заболеваний, часто встречающихся у этих больных. Məqalədə düyünlü poliarteriitlə ağırlaşmış kəskin B virus hepatitili xəstələrdə humoral immuniteti qiymətləndirmək üşün aparılan müayinələrdə immunoqlobulinlərin əsas sinif və yarımsiniflərində meydana çıxan kəmiyyət dəyişiklikləri haqqında məlumat verilmişdir. Tədqiqata 61 nəfər yanaşı olaraq düyünlü poliarteriitlə ağırlaşma aşkar edilmiş və 97 nəfər bu cür ağırlaşma qeyd edilməyən (cəmi158) kəskin B virus hepatitli xəstə və kontrol olaraq 30 nəfər praktik sağlam şəxs daxil edilmişdir. Xəstələrin qan serumunda immunoqlobulinlərin səviyyəsi fermentlə əlaqəli immunosorbent analizi ilə müəyyən edilmişdir. Kəskin B virus hepatitli xəstələrdə bütün siniflərdən olan immunoqlobulinlərinin səviyyəsinin artması qeyd edilmişdir. Ümumi IgG-nin ən yüksək səviyyəsi düyünlü poliarteriitlə ağrlaşmış xəstələrdə aşkar edilmişdir ki, bu da kontrol qrupu ilə müqayisədə xeyli yüksək olmuşdur (p<0,05). IgG4 səviyyəsinin yüksəlməsi də qeyd edimişdir. Belə ki, öyrənilən göstəricilər düyünlü poliarteriitlə ağırlaşmış xəstələrdə həm kontrol qrupunda, həm də düyünlü poliarteriitlə ağırlaşmamış xəstələrin göstəricilərindən əhəmiyyətli dərəcədə artıq olmuşdur (p<0,05). Eyni zamanda yuxarıda göstərilən qruplarla müqyisədə, düyünlü poliarteriitlə ağırlaşmış xəstələrdə IgE-nin səviyyəsinin daha yüksək olması diqqəti cəb etmişdir (p<0,05). Beləliklə, düyünlü poliarteriitlə ağırlaşmış kəskin B virus hepatitli xəstələrin humoral immunitetində baş verən dəyişikliklər qanda IgG, IgG4 və IgE səviyyələrinin əhəmiyyətli dərəcədə artması ilə təzahür etmişdir. Belə dəyişikliklər adətən kəskin B virus hepatitli xəstələrdə müşahidə edilən premorbid fon patologiyalarının – autoimmun və allergik xəstəliklətin təsiri ilə əlaqələndirilə bilər. The article provides information on the quantitative changes in the main classes and subclasses of immunoglobulins in the examinations performed to assess humoral immunity in patients with acute B virus hepatitis complicated by polyarteritis nodosa. The study included 61 patients with nodular polyarteritis complications and 97 patients without such complications, a total of 158 acute B virus hepatitis patients and 30 practically healthy individuals as controls. The concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of patients was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An increase in the level of immunoglobulins of all classes was noted in patients with acute hepatitis B virus. The highest level of total IgG was found in patients with polyarteritis nodosa, which was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). An increase in the level of IgG4 was also noted. Thus, in patients with nodular polyarteritis, it was determined that, in addition to the control group, it was significantly higher than the indicators of patients with acute B virus hepatitis not complicated with nodular polyarteritis (p<0.05). Also, the amount of IgE was higher in the control group and in patients with acute B virus hepatitis complicated by nodular polyarteritis without such complication (p<0.05). Thus, changes in humoral immunity in patients with acute B virus hepatitis complicated by nodular polyarteritis were characterized by a significant increase in the levels of IgG, IgG4 and IgE in the blood. Such changes can be associated with the influence of premorbid background pathologies - autoimmune and allergic diseases - usually observed in patients with acute hepatitis B.
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