Проблеми Розвитку Сільських Територій В Умовах Ринкових Відносин

Abstract

В результаті проведення багатьох реформ і трансформацій на селі суттєво погіршилась як екологічна, економічна, так і соціальна ситуація. В статті наведено короткий аналіз основних проблем розвитку сільських територій в період складних трансформаційних перетворень. Визначено основні напрями покращення соціально-економічного та екологічного середовища сільських територій в державі.

Problems of Optimizing the Structure of Agricultural Landscapes in Ukraine and the Ways of Their Solutions

“…The rest of the land (40-50%) must be set aside for natural biocenoses (natural fodder grounds, forest plantations, etc.) [6,14].Experts who studied the state of agricultural land use in the Dnipro river basin believe that in general, the agricultural development of the territory can be 64%, and the plowed area -49%.According to the calculations of the institutes of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in our country, it is necessary to reduce the area of arable land by about 10 million hectares in order to reduce the level of plowing of the territory to almost 40%, to expand the area of forests, field protection forest strips, natural fodder lands, recreational areas, etc. At the same time, the ratio of ecologically dangerous lands (arable land, orchards, vineyards, etc.)…”

“…The rest of the land (40-50%) must be set aside for natural biocenoses (natural fodder grounds, forest plantations, etc.) [6,14].…”

“…That is, the maximum permissible ratio between destabilizing and stabilizing territories is 1:1. [14,31] The works of many scientists are devoted to the study of the scientific and methodological foundations of rational agricultural land use in modern conditions of transformation of land relations [4,9,15,19,20,23,26]. However, constant dynamic processes in the agrarian sphere of the country necessitate the specification of methodical approaches to the formation of ecologically sustainable highly productive agricultural landscapes at the regional levelin general, and the optimization of the structure of cultivated areasin particular [3,13,30].…”

“…It is generally accepted that the solution of modern economic, ecological and social problems in the agrarian sector of the economy is possible only through the implementation of a set of measures provided for by land management [8,15,32]. One of the main tasks of land management is the creation of a favorable ecological environment and the improvement of natural landscapes [6,14,18]. The analysis of the structure of cultivated areas of agricultural crops during the period of land reform in Ukraine (1991-2021) showed that its transformation during the period of radical reform of the agrarian sector of the economy, changes in the forms of ownership of land and property, took place mainly under the influence of market conditions: significantly the area of technical crops increased (in particular, sunflower, which is one of the highest among the main types of agricultural products), and the area of fodder crops decreased significantly [3,7].…”

“…Violation of scientifically based rotation of crops in crop rotations was facilitated by the parceling of agricultural lands as a result of reforming land relations [9,10,14,25].…”