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The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the predicted changes in the area, as well as the significant narrowing of the zone of optimal growth of Scots pine. These forecasts are based on obtaining data on the ongoing climate changes. A constant decrease in precipitation, along with a gradual increase in temperature levels, will lead to consequences such as uncontrolled changes in ecosystems. Such a substantial change in abiotic factors caused by human activity plays a key role in the formation of forest coenoses. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the change in the average annual temperature, as well as the monthly amount of precipitation observed in the forest communities in the Separated Subdivision of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine “Boyarka Forest Research Station”. The analysis is performed over decades to obtain data on the level of temperature change in relation to the previous period. This also includes a comparison of monthly precipitation for 2021 relative to 1991-2020, which is set as normal. To obtain indicators of the average annual temperature, the average value method is used, followed by calculating the value of the average annual temperature for each decade. To find the deviation in total precipitation, the method of estimating the moisture conditions according to total precipitation is used. Therewith, the value of a substantial deviation is taken at 20% relative to the precipitation rate. According to the study results, it was established that in 2001-2010 the average annual temperature changed by 0.83°C relative to the previous decade, and in 2011-2020 by 0.74°C relative to the previous period. Such dynamics indicate a gradual increase in the average annual temperature, which is reflected in the forecasts of the world community. During the estimation of moisture conditions, separate months of 2021 with a critical level of precipitation in relation to the normal period were selected. In March, the amount of precipitation was 43% of normal, in June – 32%, in September – 40%, and in October – only 4.3% of normal. The value in November was observed at 63% of the norm. Such a decrease in the amount of precipitation in relation to a gradual increase in the average annual temperature poses a threat of a decrease in the hydrological level of moisture. This leads to a decrease in the radial increment of tree stands, and a gradual shift in the growing area of Scots pine. The obtained analysis results will further be used to conduct dendrochronological studies of tree rings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the tree stands of the Separated Subdivision of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine “Boyarka Forest Research Station”
The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the predicted changes in the area, as well as the significant narrowing of the zone of optimal growth of Scots pine. These forecasts are based on obtaining data on the ongoing climate changes. A constant decrease in precipitation, along with a gradual increase in temperature levels, will lead to consequences such as uncontrolled changes in ecosystems. Such a substantial change in abiotic factors caused by human activity plays a key role in the formation of forest coenoses. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the change in the average annual temperature, as well as the monthly amount of precipitation observed in the forest communities in the Separated Subdivision of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine “Boyarka Forest Research Station”. The analysis is performed over decades to obtain data on the level of temperature change in relation to the previous period. This also includes a comparison of monthly precipitation for 2021 relative to 1991-2020, which is set as normal. To obtain indicators of the average annual temperature, the average value method is used, followed by calculating the value of the average annual temperature for each decade. To find the deviation in total precipitation, the method of estimating the moisture conditions according to total precipitation is used. Therewith, the value of a substantial deviation is taken at 20% relative to the precipitation rate. According to the study results, it was established that in 2001-2010 the average annual temperature changed by 0.83°C relative to the previous decade, and in 2011-2020 by 0.74°C relative to the previous period. Such dynamics indicate a gradual increase in the average annual temperature, which is reflected in the forecasts of the world community. During the estimation of moisture conditions, separate months of 2021 with a critical level of precipitation in relation to the normal period were selected. In March, the amount of precipitation was 43% of normal, in June – 32%, in September – 40%, and in October – only 4.3% of normal. The value in November was observed at 63% of the norm. Such a decrease in the amount of precipitation in relation to a gradual increase in the average annual temperature poses a threat of a decrease in the hydrological level of moisture. This leads to a decrease in the radial increment of tree stands, and a gradual shift in the growing area of Scots pine. The obtained analysis results will further be used to conduct dendrochronological studies of tree rings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the tree stands of the Separated Subdivision of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine “Boyarka Forest Research Station”
The development of regulatory and reference support for the inventory assessment of the state of modal stands is an urgent issue, since it allows obtaining reliable and up-to-date information on the current state of existing forests. The purpose of the study was a statistical substantiation of the division of pine stands into groups by region of growth and stand composition, and their detailed inventory characteristics with an analysis of the distribution in the Forest-Steppe and their productivity. To conduct the study, a stand-wise database of the Production Association “Ukrderzhlisproekt” for Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine was used. Using a number of non-parametric criteria for evaluating samples (Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, the median criterion, Jonckheere-Terpstra test), the study established a difference in the stands parameters of the samples under study and divided the stands of the Forest-Steppe zone into four groups. The main task was to describe the current state of modal pine stands of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine for selected groups, with a detailed distribution of areas and stocks according to the main stand parameters According to the results of the database analysis, it was found that about 92% of the total area of pine stands of the Forest-Steppe zone are artificial forests. Depending on the region of growth, the stands were divided into the left- and right-bank parts of the Forest-Steppe, in composition – into pure and mixed stands. Within the groups under study, the distribution of areas and stocks of pine stands was analysed according to site index classes, types of forest-growing conditions, forest types, relative stand density, and age groups. Site index classes in all groups are dominated by high site index stands of I and Ia site index classes. The proportion of high-grade mixed stands is greater compared to pure stands. In terms of the forest-growing conditions, stands in condition B2 dominate in all groups under study. From the left bank to the right bank, there is an increase in soil fertility from condition B to condition C, and this dependence is also observed from pure to mixed stands. Productivity in terms of the average growing stock of mixed stands of the rightbank and left-bank parts of the Forest-Steppe is very close and considerably less than the stocks of pure stands. The presented research results can be used by scientists as a description of the modal inventory characteristics of the Forest-Steppe region and for the grouping of experimental data when compiling forestry and forest inventory standards
Досліджено прогнози стосовно можливої зміни ареалу зростання сосни звичайної (Pinus sylvestris L.), що пов'язано зі значним звуженням зони оптимального росту. Встановлено, що вказані зміни в обмеженні зростання сосни звичайної ґрунтуються на отриманих даних щодо кліматичних змін, які відбуваються. Поступове підвищення рівня температури, що буде супроводжуватись істотним зменшенням кількості опадів в майбутньому, може призвести до некерованих змін в екосистемах. Трендові зміни основних кліматичних показників, отриманих у межах сучасних та очікуваних значень, менше впливають на ценози порівняно з такими чинниками, як мінливість клімату, суворість та частота екстремальних ситуацій. До основних лімітуючих чинників, що регулюють інтенсивність радіального приросту сосни звичайної, належать опади, вологість ґрунту та його капілярність, а також гідрологічний режим. Одну з основних ролей виконує температурний режим на початку вегетації деревостанів, проте не варто ігнорувати впливом літніх екстремумів температурного режиму, що також може призводити до зміни фенологічних фаз деревно-чагарникової рослинності внаслідок трансформації гідрологічного режиму. Трансформація кліматологічної ситуації може зумовити істотну зміну лісових покривів, зокрема призвести до змінення меж ареалів зростання сосни звичайної. Вивчення механізму ідентифікації зміни типу насаджень, а також чинники стійкості сосни звичайної у перспективі та проведення ретроспективного аналізу задля встановлення ступеня та механізму впливу клімату в контексті прогресуючого поширення депресій та дигресії насаджень дасть змогу успішно протистояти негативному явищу зменшення площ зростання насаджень сосни звичайної на території України. Проаналізовано динаміку радіального приросту дерев сосни звичайної у насадженнях ВП НУБіП України "Боярська ЛДС". Визначено середні показники приросту за десятиріччями, та проаналізовано вплив середніх річних температур, а також середніх річних опадів на інтенсивність радіального приросту відібраних зразків. Встановлено періоди динамічного росту та спаду інтенсивності радіального приросту в окремих дерев.
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