Сell death and its significance in reproductive pathology

Abstract

Since the middle of the last century, scientists have been interested in the mechanisms of regulation of cell division, differentiation and aging of cells. The first objects of study were insects, helminths and other living organisms. From the very beginning, in the biology of cell development and regulation, scientists have attached leading importance to genetic factors. Later, more and more experience was gained on the influence of intracellular factors, metabolic changes and exogenous pathogens on the programmed cell death. Recent research on cell biology and pathology has focused on the study of apoptosis. The first described phenomenon of programmed cell death was apoptosis. Subsequent studies were aimed at the study programmed cell death. This review will provide an opportunity to consider the biological mechanisms of programmed cell death, differences and species characteristics. The author described the clinical aspects of apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis and their importance in the formation of cellular homeostasis. In the present review article simple classification system, where the cell death entities are primarily categorized into programmed cell death. Multiple mechanisms and phenotypes compose programmed non-apoptotic cell death, including: autophagy, entosis, methuosis and paraptosis, mitoptosis and parthanatos, ferroptosis, pyroptosis NETosis and necroptosis. Changes of cellular regulation at development of pathologies at people and animals are considered. Cell biology includes a variety of mechanisms of programmed aging and death. Modern research is aimed at deepening the study multiple mechanisms and phenotypes compose programmed. Cells. will certainly be taken into account by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death. Cellular regulation is associated with a variety of physiological mechanisms of development, and is also important in processes such as inflammation, immune response, embryogenesis maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Study of factors of influence and mechanisms of regulation of aging of cells opens a curtain for development of the newest means of diagnostics of pathologies and development of pharmacological means for correction of cellular mechanisms at development of pathologies.

Untitled

“…According to M.M. Zhelavskyi et al (2021), a long period of foetal development in cows is accompanied by the negative impact of various stimuli that disrupt the relationship in the mother-embryo, mother-embryo, and mother-foetus system. The obtained results of the research allow us to assert that a violation of the foetal oxygen supply negatively affects the body's homeostasis and is manifested by a violation of the respiratory process in newborn calves.…”

Adaptive changes in immunological, hematological and metabolic profiles of pregnant cows

“…Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 7(1), 15-22. 2018; . The immune system's ability to regulate inflammation becomes particularly important during this period (Alhussien & Dang, 2019;Zhelavskyi et al, 2021).…”

Cellular aging and immunity

“…In recent decades, science has been supplemented with new data that provide a deeper understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of cellular aging and the formation of immune homeostasis, and there is a real prospect of using effective means of its regulation (Collado et al, 2007;Faget et al, 2019;Zhelavskyi et al, 2021).…”