Садівництво У Боротьбі З Ерозією Ґрунтів У 50-Х – 70-Х Рр. Хх Століття

Abstract

In Ukraine, hundreds of millions of tons of soil are lost every year due to erosion, ecological and economic losses due to erosion exceed tens of billions of US dollars. Steep slopes with washed and eroded soils and dismembered by a plow network can be successfully used for perennial plantings, in particular gardens, with the application of a number of preventive anti-erosion measures. Gardening on slopes ensures soil resistance to washing and erosion by water flows. The purpose of the study is to analyze the practical and theoretical foundations of the development of horticulture on slopes in the context of combating soil erosion in the 50s-70s of the 20th century. Thanks to the application of methodological tools, in particular personalization, multifactoriality and interdependence of the historical and logical connection, the results of practical achievements, scientific achievements, ideas of scientists and institutions regarding the development of slopes for gardens at the same time as stopping water erosion of the soil are highlighted. The need for the development of domestic horticulture as a means of achieving ecological stability of agricultural landscapes is substantiated. The experience of many scientists and research institutions testifies to the high anti-erosion efficiency of using sloping land for gardens. It is argued that the creation of orchards on eroded lands should take into account the steepness of the slopes, soil properties, climatic conditions of the region, as well as follow the methods of their establishment. It has been proven that terracing of slopes is the most effective in combating water erosion of soils. It was found out that in the 1960s, at the Mountain-Carpathian Agricultural Research Station on sloping lands with a slope of 5-12°, for the first time in Ukraine, an effective anti-erosion contour method of placing rows of plantations was implemented. Soil leaching was reduced by three to four times.