Сорт Як Фактор Формування Стійких Агроценозів Зернових Культур

Mostoviak, I.; Дем’янюк, Олена Сергіївна; Парфенюк, Алла Іванівна; Beznosko, I.

doi:10.31210/visnyk2020.02.13

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Різні екологічні чинники та технологічні прийоми вирощування сільськогосподарських рослин можуть впливати на ефективність і потенційні негативні ефекти хімічних засобів захисту рослин. Тому для зменшення негативного впливу пестицидів на агро-екосистеми та прилеглі території, забруднення продукції і здоров'я людей необхідно враховувати потенційні екологічні ризики їх застосування [1][2][3].…”

Section: вступunclassified

Еvaluation of chemical preparations for apple tree protection against pests according to ecotoxicological indicators

Fоmenko

2023

agro

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The article analyzes the amount of insecticide application in the system of protection of perennial plantations for 2019–2021 and determines the degree of danger of their use and the potential risk of ecotoxicological danger. It has been established that in Ukraine during the year the largest number of chemical preparations based on active substances is introduced by: malathion (2.29 thousand per kg), dimethoate (1.59 thousand per kg), imidacloprid (1.49 thousand per kg), propargite (1.49 thousand per kg) and cypermethrin (1.11 thousand per kg). The highest ecotoxicological risk is determined for such active ingredients as imidacloprid, dimethoate, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, propargite, flupyradifurone, lambda-cyhalothrin, which are the part of preparations Konfidor, SL, Danadym stabilnyi, ЕC, Bi-58 new, е.c., Alfahard 100, ЕC, Fastak, е.c., F’iuri, е.w., Omait 57%, ЕW, Sivanto Praim 200 SL, Ampliho 150 ZC, FC, Enzhio 247 SC, s.с., Karate Zeon 050 СS mк.s. According to the totality of ecotoxicological and sanitary-hygienic indicators such preparations as Bi-58 new, е.c., Danadym stabilnyi, ЕC, Kalipso 480 SC, Movento 100 SС, Oberon Rapid 240 SС, SС, Transform, WG, Fufanon 570, ЕC are classified as low-hazard (Cn 6–7). Dangerous (level 3) include Ampliho 150 ZC, FC, Arrivo, е.c., Enzhio 247 SC, s.с., Karate Zeon 050 СS mк.s., Sivanto Praim 200 SL, F’iuri, е.w. Very dangerous (level 2) ones include Alfahard 100, ЕC, Proteus 110 ОD, Fastak, е.c. According to the set of characteristics of active substances and preparations based on them, indicators of ecotoxicological danger and the degree of danger, it was established that the use of Kalipso 480 SC, Movento 100 SС, Oberon Rapid 240 SС, SС, Transform, WG, Fufanon 570, ЕC preparations, in compliance with the recommended application norms, it poses the least potential danger to the natural environment. The biggest danger in agrobiocenoses of apple trees is the preparations from the class of pyrethroids such as Arrivo, е.c., Karate Zeon 050 СS mк.s., F’iuri, е.w., Fastak, е.c., аnd Alfahard 100, ЕC, Proteus 110 ОD.

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Еvaluation of chemical preparations for apple tree protection against pests according to ecotoxicological indicators

Fоmenko

2023

agro

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“…Ключові слова: технологія вирощування рослин, екологічні чинники, мікроміцети, інтенсивність споруляції, частота трапляння видів, щільність популяції, екологічні ризики, біологічне забруднення, агроценоз Виробництво якісної та безпечної продукції пшениці озимої потребує розв'язання низки проблем, спричинених взаємодією популяцій фітопатогенних грибів із рослинами різного генетичного походження в агроценозах України [12,13,18]. Потепління клімату, особливо в зимовий період, спричиняє розширення ареалу патогенів на території, де раніше вони не траплялися.…”

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Formation of phytopathogenic mycobiome on vegetative organs of plants in winter wheat

Beznosko,

Parfenyuk,

Ternoviy

2023

VLUBS

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Cultivated plants, which are characterized by high resistance to phytopathogenic microorganisms, create significant selective pressure on their populations and select highly pathogenic and aggressive forms. Highly susceptible plants to such microorganisms ensure a rapid growth in the population of phytopathogenic micromycetes in agrocenoses. Cultivation of such plant groups on production crops leads to an increase in biological pollution of the agrosphere and a significant decrease in the level of biological safety. This requires increased use of chemical means of plant protection against diseases, which causes chemical pollution of agroecosystems and leads to a significant decrease in the quality of plant products through the accumulation of metabolic products of phytopathogenic microorganisms in it and a decrease in biological safety in agrocenoses. Therefore, the assessment and selection of winter wheat varieties as a factor in the regulation of the phytopathogenic mycobiome in agrocenoses is a highly relevant area of research that ensures the selection of ecologically safe varieties of cultivated plants. Cultivation of such varieties leads to a decrease in the level of biological pollution in agrocenoses and increases the quality and safety of plant products. It is known that biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors affect the formation of populations of microorganisms. Therefore, the formation of the mycobiome on the vegetative organs of winter wheat during the ontogenesis of plants under traditional and organic technologies was investigated. It has been proven that the meteorological conditions during the years of the study, namely: high air temperature and a significant amount of precipitation during the growing season, which was observed in 2021 and in the long dry years of 2020 and 2022, had a significant impact on the formation of the population of micromycetes in the agrocenosis of winter wheat. According to the results of our own research, the population density of micromycetes and the intensity of sporulation of mushroom species decreased during the phase of emergence into the tube using traditional cultivation technology. At the same time, during the earing phase, mushroom sporulation increases by 2–3 times. This can be explained by the homeostatic reaction of the population of micromycetes in the mycobiome of vegetative organs of winter wheat plants to the chemical pressure of applied pesticides, which can cause contamination of agrocenoses with infectious structures of pathogens and their toxic metabolites. At the same time, the population density of micromycetes, under organic cultivation technology, increased during the growing season from the tillering phase to the earing phase, depending on the soil and climatic conditions. Under the conditions of various winter wheat cultivation technologies, significant changes in the formation of micromycete populations were observed due to the influence of varietal characteristics of plants. A significantly lower frequency of occurrence of species and their intensity of sporulation was observed on the vegetative organs of the Skagen variety, compared to winter wheat plants of the Podolyanka variety. This testifies to the ability of physiological and biochemical substances of plants of various varieties of winter wheat to stimulate or restrain the development of micromycetes in the mycobiome of vegetative organs of the culture. Evaluation of the plant variety based on indicators of influence on the density, frequency of occurrence and intensity of sporulation of micromycetes will ensure a decrease in the level of biological pollution and an increase in the biosafety of plant raw materials.

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“…Äî êîðìîâèõ ðîñëèí-aeèâèòåë³â ïøåíè÷íîãî òðèïñà, êð³ì ïøåíè-ö³ îçèìî¿, â³äíîñÿòüñÿ: aeèòî îçèìå, ÿ÷ì³íü, îâåñ, êóêóðóäçà, äèê³ çëàêè, ãðå÷êà, áàâîâíèê, òþòþí ³ äåÿê³ äèêîðîñë³ òðàâ'ÿíèñò³ ðîñëèíè. Ùîðîêó íà çàõèñò ïîñ³â³â ïøåíèö³ â Óêðà¿í³ âèòðà÷àºòüñÿ 45-62 ìëí ãðí [5].…”

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“…Âàaeëèâå çíà÷åííÿ ìàº ïîøóê íîâèõ øëÿõ³â çíèaeåííÿ øê³äëè-âîñò³ ïøåíè÷íîãî òðèïñà ³ âèâ-÷åííÿ éîãî ì³ñöåâî¿ ïîïóëÿö³¿ [6]. Îäíèì ç òàêèõ øëÿõ³â º âèêî-ðèñòàííÿ ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ç ðåçèñòåíòí³ñòþ äî øê³äíèêà.…”

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Efficacy of insecticides against wheat thrips Haplothrips tritici Kurd. in winter wheat crops

Klechkovskyi,

Klychko,

Khorohorina

2023

qpp

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Goal. To develop an effective system of winter wheat protection against wheat thrips Haplothrips tritici Kurd. Determine the technical effectiveness of insecticides Karate Zeon 050 CS, SC (lambda-cyhalothrin, 50 g/l); Match 050 ES, CE (lufenuron, 50 g/l); Enjio 247 SC, CS (thiamethoxam, 141 g/l + lambda-cyhalothrin, 106 g/l); Talstar, 10% CE (bifenthrin, 100 g/l); Mospilan, VP (acetamiprid, 200 g/kg); Inazuma, VG, (acetamiprid, 100 g/kg + lambda-cyhalothrin, 30 g/kg) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The experiment was set up on winter wheat crops in 4-, 5- and 8 replications in 4x replication. The plots were arranged by the method of randomized blocks. The pest was counted by sampling 20 ears of wheat, which were placed in paper bags, tightly closed, delivered to the laboratory and counted live and dead adults by analyzing each ear for all samples from each experiment. Larvae were counted by the method of distillation using selectors. Results. To control the number of thrips, the effectiveness of the insecticide Engio 247 SC, CS at four application rates (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 l/ha) and Karate Zeon 050 CS, SC; Inazuma, VG; Match 050 ES, CE; Mospilan, VP; Talstar, 10% CE was studied. As a result of observations of changes in the number of thrips during 2017—2019, it was found that its appearance on winter wheat crops occurs from May 08 to 24. Peculiarities of weather conditions influenced the dynamics of thrips numbers. The duration of individual phases of wheat thrips development by years depending on the GTC was studied. The studies revealed the main patterns of wheat thrips population development and showed the possibility of controlling its number with the help of various insecticides. Conclusions. The use of insecticides Match 050 ES, CE; Karate Zeon 050 CS, SC; Talstar, 10% CE; Mospilan, VP; Inazuma, VG at consumption rates of 0.3 l/ha, 0.2, 0.1, 0.075, and 0.24 l/ha, respectively, on winter wheat crops against wheat thrips in the phase — «beginning of earing» (VVSN 51) effectively controls the number of thrips and provides technical efficiency of 93.7—96.1%. The use of the insecticide Engio 247 SC, KS at consumption rates of 0.05 l/ha, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 l/ha provides technical efficiency of this drug against pest larvae at the level of 90.2%, 94.7, 95.9 and 96.4%, respectively.

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Сорт Як Фактор Формування Стійких Агроценозів Зернових Культур

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Еvaluation of chemical preparations for apple tree protection against pests according to ecotoxicological indicators

Еvaluation of chemical preparations for apple tree protection against pests according to ecotoxicological indicators

Formation of phytopathogenic mycobiome on vegetative organs of plants in winter wheat

Efficacy of insecticides against wheat thrips Haplothrips tritici Kurd. in winter wheat crops

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