Суицидальные Действия Подростков В Тюменской Области В 2017-2022 Гг. (Стратегия Превенции)

Abstract

Background. As before, the problem of suicide throughout the world remains invariably relevant among the medical and social problems on the agenda. According to the WHO classification, Russia is one of the countries with high and very high suicide rates, where suicide is included in the list of common causes of death in the population. The suicide risk situation is aggravated by a noticeable trend towards an increase in the number of child and adolescent suicides. Objective: a comprehensive analysis of suicidal actions of adolescents in the Tyumen Region and identification of possible directions for improving preventive measures among minors. Study Material. The work was carried out using data from federal and regional statistics on demography and based on the analysis of objective information on suicidal actions (completed suicides and attempted suicides) of minors in the Tyumen Region for the period 2017-2022. Results. Between 2017 and 2022, 78 minors died from suicide in the Tyumen Region. The largest number (n=19) of cases occurred in 2022, among them a predominance of girls was revealed in comparison with boys (n=12 and n=7), the M:F ratio was 1:1.7. The age of the minors who committed suicide was 11-17 years (mean age 14.7±1.3 years). Most suicide victims were students (94.7%) and city residents (57.9%). Two out of three lived in a complete family, every third in a large family. A small proportion (n=3, 15.8%) of suicide completers suffered from mental illness. Among the methods of suicide, jumping from a height predominated (n=11, 57.9%). The materials on suicidal acts did not contain information about alcohol intake. Among the key motives for committing suicide, a predominance (68.4%) of dysfunctional child-parent relationships was revealed; every tenth (10.5%) noted disharmony in love-romantic relationships, worries due to dissatisfaction with communication with peers or difficulties in training. Suicide attempts (n=426) over the same period exceeded the proportion of completed suicides. The M:F ratio was 1:4.1. The mean age of adolescents who attempted suicide was 14.9±0.9 years. Most of them (78.6%) were city residents. Of the number (n=56) of adolescents who attempted suicide in 2022, as opposed to those who died, the proportion of two-parent families was registered in 26.8% of cases; less often (7.1%) individuals had large families. Every fifth (23.2%) teenager was diagnosed with a mental disorder before a suicide attempt, for which he/she was seen by a psychiatrist (19.6%) or visited a psychotherapist (7.1%). 5.6% consumed alcohol, 3.6% used psychoactive substances. Among boys, the leading attempts were self-hanging (40.0%) and intentional poisoning (30.0%), among girls -attempts at self-poisoning with drugs (69.5%). The main motives were dysfunctional parent-child relationships (33.9%) and relationships at school and with peers that caused psychological discomfort (30.3%). With less frequency, the main motives were disharmony in love and romantic relationships (16.1%), the presence of mental illnes...