Територіальні Інноваційні Кластери: Світові Орієнтири / Українські Реалії

Abstract

Abstract. The article investigates the formation of innovation clusters at the regional level, considering the practical world experience. Based on the analysis of current trends in the development of the national economy as a whole and its individual components in the form of regions, the need to use the processes of combining production with scientific institutions and government organizations has been proved. The analysis of theoretical approaches to the use of the economic category «cluster» showed a certain similarity of opinions of experts, but also allowed to identify a variety of approaches, based on which the author’s definition of the cluster is proposed.
 The analysis of cluster classification allowed to outline the classification features and identify possible types of innovation clusters. Research of features and differences of clusters from other territorial and administrative associations allowed to define their advantages and to find out lacks. Scientific approaches to the features, advantages, and prospects of formation of innovation clusters, the main driving force of which for the socio-economic systems of the regions is dynamism, adaptability, and synergy, are analyzed. The preconditions for the formation of innovation clusters at the regional level are systematized.
 Analysis of the experience of developed countries in the practice of clustering of the economy allowed to identify three geographically determined centers of development of innovation clusters and historically formed models of their formation. A detailed analysis of the latter allowed to determine their main characteristics, their typical features and to indicate examples of use in certain countries. Quantitative characteristics of existing innovation clusters in advanced countries by industry specificity are studied.
 Based on the analysis of the existing Development Strategies of individual regions of the country, a description of the state of formation and development of cluster models in certain sectors of the national economy is given. The existing obstacles to the active innovative development of the country’s regions have been identified, and the application of the Italian model, which has minimal obstacles to implementation, has been recommended as conclusions.
 Keywords: cluster, innovation, development, regions, synergetic effect, cluster models.
 JEL Classification G21, O33, F65
 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 23.