Урожайність Та Елементи Продуктивності Рослин У Сучасних Вітчизняних І Закордонних Сортів Озимої М’якої Пшениці

Fanin, Ya. S.; Lytvynenko, М. А.

doi:10.37406/2706-9052-2023-1.10

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2023

DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2023-1.10

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Урожайність Та Елементи Продуктивності Рослин У Сучасних Вітчизняних І Закордонних Сортів Озимої М’якої Пшениці

Ya. S. Fanin¹,

М. А. Lytvynenko²

Abstract: Мета – визначити стан сучасних вітчизняних і закордонний селекційних досягнень за врожайністю, елементами продуктивності рослин за різного рівня азотного мінерального живлення. Методи. Польові дослідження закладалися згідно з методикою польового досвіду Б.А. Доспєхова. Агротехніка вирощування пшениці озимої – загальноприйнята для Степової зони України. Спостереження за тривалістю основних періодів росту та розвитку, відбір і розбір пробних снопів із визначенням елементів структури врожаю проводили за методикою… Show more

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Study of correlations between yield and grain quality indicators of varieties and breeding lines of Triticum aestivum L.

Pravdziva,

Vasylenko,

Khoroshko

2023

Plant Varieties Studying and Protection

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Purpose. To determine the correlations between yield and grain quality indicators of varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat. Methods. The study was conducted under the conditions of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine (MIW) during 2019/20–2021/22. Ten new varieties and four breeding lines of winter bread wheat of Myronivka breeding were evaluated. Grain quality indicators were determined in the grain quality laboratory of MIW according to conventional techniques. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to establish correlations. Results. Correlations with different direction and strength were found between yield and quality indicators of winter bread wheat grain (–0.32 < r < 0.61). During the research years, reliable direct correlation coefficients were obtained between yield and the 1000 kernel weight indicator (r = 0.17–0.46). Also, a reliable linear dependence (r = 0.13–0.61) of yield with water absorption capacity of flour, test weight, grain vitreous, with protein and wet gluten content, but only under certain hydrothermal growing conditions. The varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat were identified which, during the years of research, showed stable direct correlations between yield and the indicators of 1000 kernel weight, grain vitreous, protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, dough elasticity index, deformation energy, dough tenacity, water absorption capacity of flour. Conclusion. The selected varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat can be used in the breeding process as sources for combining high yield with certain improved quality indicators in one genotype to create competitive varieties.

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Study of correlations between yield and grain quality indicators of varieties and breeding lines of Triticum aestivum L.

Pravdziva,

Vasylenko,

Khoroshko

2023

Plant Varieties Studying and Protection

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Yield and quality of winter wheat grain under different cultivation technologies

Zaima,

Derhachov,

Siroshtan

et al. 2024

PVSandP

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Purpose. Study of the influence of preceding crops and sowing terms on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The study analyzed 11 varieties of soft winter wheat, ‘Podolianka’, ‘MIP Yuvileina’, ‘MIP Fortuna’, ‘MIP Roksolana’, ‘MIP Feieriia’, ‘MIP Vidznaka’, ‘MIP Nika’, ‘MIP Darunok’, ‘MIP Aelita’, ‘MIP Aurika’ and ‘MIP Dovira’. The study investigated the impact of preceding crops (soybean, sunflower, corn/MWR, green manure (white mustard), and mustard/seed) and sowing dates (25 September, 5 and 15 October) on grain yield and baking quality. Results. The research was conducted in 2021–2023 on the experimental fields of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat. The weather conditions were characterized by high temperatures and uneven precipitation. The highest winter wheat yields were obtained after green manure as a preceding crop (7.29 t/ha), and the lowest yields after sunflower (5.35 t/ha). Shifting the sowing date from 25 September to 15 October reduced the average yield of the varieties. The only exception to the results were those obtained after crops such as sunflower and mustard when sown on 5th October, which yielded 5.54 and 6.51 t/ha respectively. The highest yields (6.39–6.95 t/ha) were observed for the varieties ‘MIP Darunok’, ‘MIP Aurika’, ‘MIP Aelita’ and ‘MIP Vidznaka’. Higher protein, gluten and sedimentation values were observed after green manure and soya as a preceding crop; in addition, after soya there was a tendency to increase flour strength and bread volume. The aforementioned shift in sowing date also resulted in a decrease in bread volume and an increase in vitreousness; the remaining parameters were within the range of significant differences. The varieties ‘MIP Dovira’, ‘MIP Nika’ and ‘MIP Roksolana’ were characterized by the highest protein content in the grain. According to the complex of quality indicators, ‘MIP Yuvileina’, ‘MIP Roksolana’ and ‘MIP Aurika’ prevailed over others. Conclusions. It was found that green manure and soybean as a preceding crop, as well as optimal sowing dates – the third decade of September and the first of October – provided the maximum yield of the varieties studied. The varieties with the highest yields were ‘MIP Darunok’, ‘MIP Vidznaka’, ‘MIP Aurika’ and ‘MIP Aelita’. According to the complex of grain quality indicators, the varieties ‘MIP Yuvileina’, ‘MIP Roksolana’ and ‘MIP Aurika’ were distinguished.

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The influence of different types and doses of fertilizers on the formation of the structure of the yield of soft winter wheat variety ‘KWS Emil’ and line ‘Prino’

Hospodarenko,

Liubych,

Silifonov

2024

PVSandP

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Purpose. To study the development of the yield structure of soft winter wheat varieties of different maturity under different types and doses of fertilizer. Methods. Studies on the development of the yield structure of soft winter wheat as a function of variety and fertilizer were carried out at the Uman National University of Horticulture in 2020–2022. Results. The soft winter wheat variety ‘KWS Emil’ formed the maximum number of stems in the phase of in all years of research – 693–948 pcs/m2 depending on the experimental variant. The phase of BBCH 50 in 2020 was characterized by a decrease in the number of stems to 533–639 pcs/m2 (or 1.5–1.6 times compared to BBCH 30), BBCH 93 – by an increase from 513 (in the control variant, without fertilizer) to 584–616 pcs/m2 (with the introduction of 75–150 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer per year). In the control variant, the average (for three years of research) weight of grains per ear of the variety ‘KWS Emil’ was 1.29 g. With the application of 75 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer, it increased to 1.39 g; N75P30K40 – to 1.47 g, or 14% compared to the control; double dose of complete mineral fertilizer – to the level of the variant with N75P30K40; N150 – to 1.37 g, or 6% compared to the control. The grain weight per ear of soft winter wheat ‘Prino’ varied on average during the research from 1.62 to 1.83 g and was significantly higher than that of the variety ‘KWS Emil’. Conclusions. The number of productive stems is highly dependent on the nitrogen content of the fertilizer. Thus, if in the control variety of ‘KWS Emil’ there were 420–513 stems/m2, the introduction of N150P60K80 increased the number to 562–624 stems/m2. The number of productive stems of the ‘Prino’ line varied from 209–432 to 277–613 pcs/m2. This line was also characterised by a higher weight and number of grains per ear than ‘KWS Emil’. The use of nitrogen fertilizer systems for plants of ‘KWS Emil’ variety contributed to the formation of grain weight in one ear at the level of 1.37–1.39 g with the number of grains 35.7–36.1 pcs.

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Урожайність Та Елементи Продуктивності Рослин У Сучасних Вітчизняних І Закордонних Сортів Озимої М’якої Пшениці

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Study of correlations between yield and grain quality indicators of varieties and breeding lines of Triticum aestivum L.

Study of correlations between yield and grain quality indicators of varieties and breeding lines of Triticum aestivum L.

Yield and quality of winter wheat grain under different cultivation technologies

The influence of different types and doses of fertilizers on the formation of the structure of the yield of soft winter wheat variety ‘KWS Emil’ and line ‘Prino’

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