ٍEffect of Different Nitrogen Rates on Productivity and Quality Traits of Wheat Cultivars

Abstract

IntroductionWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the leading food crop in the world. It ranks first among the main four crops namely: rice, maize and barley. It occupies about 30% of the world cropping area (FAO, 2016). In Egypt, wheat is considered one of the more strategic grain crops. The cultivated area of wheat reached about 3.1 million faddan in 2015-2016 giving 8.2 million tons of grain, with a national average of about 18.1 ardab/fad. However, the local consumption in the same year surpassed 14-15 million tons. Every year, Egypt imports about 55% of its wheat consumption to face the great needs of the high population increment , hectoliter, density, root length, and protein percentage in both seasons. Gemmeiza 11 superior the other cultivars for both of grain and straw yield and for EC in 2015/16 and for shoot length in both seasons. Giza 168 recorded the highest values for density in both seasons. Increases in nitrogen fertilizer increased significantly number of days to heading and maturity, plant height, spikes/m 2 , grain/spike, grain and straw yield, while decreased 1000 grain weight. There were significant differences among N levels treatments regarding EC, hectoliter weight, density, root length, shoot length, dry weight and protein percentage in both seasons. Application of 100 kg N/fad resulted in higher values than other treatments for all traits except EC in both seasons were decreased.

Response of Two Wheat Cultivars to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates

“…Such effect of nitrogen could be attributed mainly to its role in the stimulation of various physiological processes including cell division elongation of internodes resulting in more tillers formation, leaf numbers and photosynthetic area (leaf area), which resulted in more photosynthetic production and consequently increased plant height, number of spikes -2 ,number of grains spike -1 , biological yield and in turn grain yield. This results are agreementwith Khan et al, (2008), Amjed et al (2011), Memon et al, (2011), Mojid et al, (2012), Haileselassie et al (2014, EL-Hawary, and Alaa-Shahein (2015), Ishaq et al, (2015), Anwar et al (2016) and Kandil et al, (2016) and EL-Hag and Shahein (2017).…”

“…Optimum N management to wheat is important for maximum yield. Application the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer produced the highest values of number of spikes/m 2 , spike length, number of spikelet's/spike, number of grains/spike, grains weight/spike and thousand grains weight Amjed et al, 2011;Memonet al, 2011;Mojidet al, 2012;Haileselassie et al, 2014;EL-Hawary and Shahein2015;Ishaq et al, 2015;Anwar et al, 2016 ;Kandil et al, 2016 andShahein 2017).…”

Response of Growth, Productivity and Quality of Some Egyptian Wheat Cultivars to Different Irrigation Regimes

“…in the yield component parameters may be due to the increase in its flag leaf area and total chlorophyll content Table 5 which led to a promotion in the photosynthesis activity and consequently produced the great amount of metabolites synthesized in such cultivar plants. The variation among some Egyptian bread cultivars were previously detected by other investigators for number of spikes/m 2 (Abdelkhalek et al, 2015 andShahein, 2017), spike length (Zaki et al, 2007 andMekkei &El Haggan, 2014) number of grains/spike and 1000 grain weight (Milad et al, 2016 and as well as grain weight/spike (Seleiman et al, 2010 andGameh et al, 2017 ).…”

“…in grain yielding ability may be due to its plants were earlier in maturity than those of the other cultivars Table 5. Varietal differences among some wheat cultivar were previously observed by other investigators for grain yield (EL Shahein et al, 2017 andGameh et al, 2017), Straw yield (Awad et al, 2015 andAbd El-Rahman &El-Saidy, 2016), biological yield (Mekkei &El Haggan, 2014 andAbdelkhalek et al, 2015) and harvest index (Seleiman et al, 2010 and.…”

“…In this concern, other investigators found variation among some wheat varieties in their plant height (Mekkei & El Haggan, 2014;Abdelkhalek et al, 2015 andAwad et al, 2015), flag leaf area (Zaki et al, 2007), chlorophyll (Kilic &Yagbasanlar, 2010 andAkter et al, 2018) and no. of days to heading and to maturity (Abd El-Rahman & El-Saidy, 2016, El Hag, 2017 and El Hag & Shahein, 2017).…”